何为“科学的研究精神”——以梁启超《清代学术概论》为例

What “the Spirit of Scientific Research” Is A Case Study of An Introduction to the Academic in Qing Dynasty

在《清代学术概论》中,"科学的研究精神"主要体现为实事求是、善于怀疑、注重创新以及"为学问而学问"等四方面的精神。实事求是,主要体现为对研究对象和研究方法的择取:在研究对象上,表现为"从书上求实","从事上求实";在研究方法上,表现为"无征不信"的治学态度。善于怀疑的精神具体展开为两个向度,即对研究对象和主体自身的怀疑:对研究对象的怀疑,集中表现为对古人之言和经典文本的怀疑和不轻信;对主体自身的怀疑,表现为"虚己"和破除"己弊"。创新的精神表现为实证的归纳法的运用。"为学问而学问"的态度是学问能够独立,并得以发展的根本要素。

In An Introduction to the Academic in Qing Dynasty,The spirit of scientific research” mainly includes four aspects： seeking truth from facts, spirit of suspicion, innovation, learning for learning. The main performance of seeking truth from facts is the selection of research object and research method. The research object includes seeking truth from books and facts; the research method is the attitude of no credibility without evidence. Spirit of suspicion includes a skeptical attitude to the research object and the researcher. In the aspect of the research object,the main performance is skeptical about the ancient words and classic texts, and the researcher should keep an open mind and abandon one’s disadvantages. Innovation is the application of empirical induction. “Learning for learning” is the fundamental elements of the independent development of learning.