政治附魅与形象书写——1950年代新文学史著中的胡适

Political Enchantment and Image Writing: Hu Shi in the Works of the 1950s History of New Literature

20世纪50年代,在王瑶、张毕来、刘绶松等人的新文学史著中,建构了胡适作为资产阶级知识分子的右翼形象。与民国文学史著中对胡适形象的经典化塑造不同,建国之后,文学史家们从"阶级论"和"题材决定论"的教条主义观念出发,对胡适形象进行了否定性改写,几乎泯灭了胡适在诸多文学领域的实际贡献。追溯胡适形象在这些新文学史著中被妖魔化的深层次原因,进一步总结文学史编写过程中的基本经验和教训,有利于我们树立正确的文学史评价观念,从而避免走入一种"总体性历史元叙事"的陷阱。

In the 1950s, the historical works of new literature by Wang Yao, Zhang Bilai and Liu Shousong established the image of Hu Shi as one of the right-wing bourgeois intellectuals, which is different from the classic image of his in the historical works of the Republic literature. After the Liberation, the literary historians, according to the dogmatic ＂class theory＂ and ＂subject determinism＂, created a negative image of Hu Shi, almost wiping off Hu＇s achievements in literature. Exploring the deep-seated reasons for his demonized image and summarizing the experience and lessons in compiling the literary history will help us to establish a correct historical evaluation of literature so as to avoid a trap of ＂overall historical meta-narrative＂.