新史学与清末历史教科书的编纂

New historiography and Compilation of History Textbooks in the Late Qing Dynasty

晚清新式历史教科书的编纂,是中西文明不断融合下学术分科和学制变革的产物,经历了由译介到自编、由学习欧美到学习日本的转变过程。历史教科书承载着构建一般民众普遍历史观、世界观和民族观的重任,而新史学以先进的史学理念掌控了国民历史知识的重构权,将以进化史观为理论指导、重视历史解释、强调史学致用、关注民史、反映人类社会全貌和重视史书表现形式的多样化等观念贯彻到历史教科书的编纂中。此外,新史学试图通过增强历史文化认同来激发爱国主义和民族精神的主张,也在历史教科书的编纂中得到充分体现,直接影响了这一特殊历史载体的书写范式。

The new history textbook in the late Qing Dynasty, an outcome of academic development and system change against the background of integration of Chinese and western civilizations, underwent a change h＇om translation to self- editing and from learning from Europe and the United States to learning from Japan. It assumed the heavy responsibility to construct the people＇s conception of history, world outlook and national view- point. New historiography controlled the reconfiguration right of history knowledge by implementing advanced historiography viewpoints such as attaching importance to historical interpretation, persisting in the practical val- ue of history, advocating systematic historiography, proposing to depict society as a whole, advocating interdisci- plinary method to the new history textbook. Besides, the view of arousing patriotism and national spirit by boos- ting cultural identity had also influenced the writing of new history textbook.