自然资源国家所有权的制度省思与权能重构

System Reflection and Powers Reconstruction on State Ownership of Natural Resources

我国现行法律体系规定了自然资源国家所有权制度,该制度在立法目的与制度逻辑上,确立了国家对于自然资源的概括所有,且其意义最为宽泛,但我国自然资源国家所有权制度的运行存在制度运行目标落空、制度实施逻辑错位、制度拓展引致质疑和制度后果功能异化等困境。既有研究从国家所有权权利构造、国家所有权权利实施异化和自然资源国家所有权物权化等角度反思了当前自然资源国家所有权制度,这些反思性研究指出了制度问题与症结,但也存在过于绝对、难以操作以及难以因应自然资源特殊性等问题。我们可以通过细化与具体化占有、使用、收益、处分这四项所有权权能内涵,以及拓展权能种类、体系化构建管理权能来完善自然资源国家所有权制度。

Chinese current law regulates the system of state ownership of natural resources.From the perspective of legislative purpose and logic of the system,the present law system abstractly establishes that the state most widely owns all natural resources.But the current operation of the system of state ownership of all natural resources exists a few problems:anticipative goal fails to achieve;there is a logic implementation dislocation;system development causes doubt;system function alienation may occur.From the angles of national rights of ownership structure,state ownership rights alienation and state ownership of natural resources,the prior research introspected the current system of state ownership of natural resources,and pointed out the existing problems and the crux,but these studies also exist many inadequacies and deficiencies:verdicts are too absolute;measures are hard to be put into force and particularity of natural resources can not be considered.In order to improve the system of state ownership of natural resources,this paper puts forward the way to elaborate and embody possession,utility,profit from and disposal of the property,expand the types of rights,and systematically build management power.