邻苯二甲酸二丁酯对蚕豆胚根细胞微核形成的影响及毒理机制

Effect of Di-n-butyl Phthalate on Cell Micronucleus Formation and the Mechanism of Toxicity in Vicia faba Radicle

摘要：研究常用增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（di—n—butylphthalate，DBP）对农作物生长的影响，为农用地膜及其残留物的环境安全性评估提供实验依据。以蚕豆为试材，DBP处理浓度为0（cx）、9mmaol·L-1、18mmaol·L-1、27mmol·L-1。和36mmol·L-1，培养24h、48h和72h后，观测根尖细胞染色体结构变化，测试胚根抗氧化酶活性。结果显示：DBP暴露的蚕豆胚根生长速率减缓；随着DBP暴露时间延长，根尖正在进行分裂的细胞被阻断在有丝分裂前期的比例增加，微核率升高，出现多种类型的染色体畸变；DBP暴露的胚根超氧化物歧化酶（superoxidedisrrmtase，SOD）活性提高5．41％～29.68％，过氧化物酶（peroxiddase，POD）活性随DBP浓度增加而递减，过氧化氢酶（catalase，CAT）活性显著降低141）0％～4308％。结果表明，DBP对蚕豆胚根具有遗传毒性，且能够破坏纺锤丝的结构。

Di-n-butyl phthalate （DBP） was widely used in the agricultural plastic film, which was mainly served as plasticizer. DBP, which did not been aggregated with polymer carbon chain during plastics processed, could have gradually leached out into the environment and shown the accumulation effects obviously as the degraded plastic films. It was important to explore the effects of DBP on crop growth for further evaluating the environmental safety of the agricultural plastic film and their residues. In this paper, the germinated broad bean were treated with the solution in which the concentration of DBP were set as 9 mmol·L-1, 18 mmol·L-l, 27 mmol·L-1 and 36 mmol·L-1 respectively for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. The chromosome structures and micronucleus were observed and antioxidase activities were analyzed in the radicle. The results showed that the growth rates of the radicle were decreased when exposed to DBP. The percentage of cells at the prophase were in- creased as the time of exposed to DBP prolonged because the mitosis cell were mainly blocked at the pro- phase. The micronucleus rates were significantly increased and various types of chromosome aberration were observed. The activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD） were higher about 5.41% -29.68% than that of CK, however, peroxidase （POD） activities were reduced as the DBP concentration increased, catalase （CAT） activi- ties were significantly lower than that of CK about 14.00% -43.08%. These results indicated that DBP could induce the damage of spindles and genotoxic effects on the radicle of broad bean.