电子垃圾拆解场多环境介质多氯联苯(PCBs)污染特征及风险评估

Characteristics and Environment Risk Assessment of PCBs in Multi-media Environment of the Electronic Waste Dismantling Venues

多氯联苯（polyehlorinated biphenyls，PCBs）是一组氯代烃类化合物，有较强的生物毒性效应。研究通过采集中国某典型电子垃圾拆解区手工拆解场和焚烧场不同环境介质（大气、土壤、饮用水、食物等）分析15种PCBs同系物的污染水平。利用主成分／因子分析方法分析不同拆解场PCBs的来源。根据世界卫生组织（WHO）推荐的毒性当量因子（TEFs）方法评价了两个拆解场环境介质中8种PCBs同系物的毒性。结果显示研究区大气、土壤、饮用水、农作物和农产品样品中PCBs同系物浓度均高于国际已有报道的同种介质中的PCBs污染水平，其中PCB-047和PCB-171污染最为严重。手工拆解场各介质PCBs同系物中PCB-047、PCB-171所占比例为2％-87％；焚烧场各介质PCBs同系物中PCB-047、PCB-171所占比例为2％～90％；来源分析表明除手工拆解场PCB-126和焚烧场PCB-114外，其余PCBs的来源具有相似性；毒性当量（TEO）评价结果显示区内大气∑TEQPCBs最高。环境介质中除红薯干外，∑TEQPCBa均是焚烧场高于手工拆解场，且TEQPCB-126和TEQPCB-169的毒性当量最高。

Polychlorinated biphenyls （PCBs）are a group of chlorinated hydrocarbons, which have strong biological toxic effects. This study collected samples from multi-media environment （air, soil, drinking water, food, etc.） from a manually dismantling area and an incineration area of a typical e-waste recycling area in China and the levels of 15 PCB homologues were analyzed using principal component / factor method. The toxicity of PCBs homologues in two dismantling areas in environmental media was evaluated using toxic equivalency factors （TEFs） that were recom- mended by the World Health Organization （WHO）. Results showed that PCB homologues concentrations in the at- mosphere, soil, drinking water, crop and agricultural samples of the study area were higher than those in the same media which were reported previously, with the highest concentrations of PCB047 and PCB171. The proportion of PCB047, PCB171 in manual dismantling area were 2% to 87% and in incineration area is 2% -90%. The source anal- ysis showed that the source of the PCBs was similar except PCB126 in manual dismantling area and PCBll4 in incin- eration area. The toxic equivalent （TEQ） evaluation results showed that the atmospheric ∑TEQpcBs was highest in the region. The ZTEQvcBs in the environmental media of the incineration area were higher than those of manual dismant- ling area except the Dried Sweet Potato, and the toxicity equivalents of TEQPcB126 and TEQPCB169 were the highest.