2型糖尿病患者营养知识调查及饮食干预方法分析

Effect analysis of nutrition knowledge and dietary intervention on patients with type 2 diabetes

目的：调查2型糖尿病患者营养知识掌握程度以及开展饮食教育的方式，为2型糖尿病患者自我管理提供参考依据。方法选取2011年8月-2012年8月在某院就诊的100例2型糖尿病患者，发放自制营养知识调查问卷；采取分层随机分组法将100例患者分为观察组与对照组，每组50例，对照组给予常规饮食干预，观察组给予仿真食物模型联合食物交换份法进行教育，3个月后对两组患者相关指标进行比较；通过KAP指标分析2型糖尿病患者营养知识掌握的影响因素。结果大多数患者对糖尿病营养知识知晓率较低，其中了解食物交换份概念仅有3例患者（3．00％），了解脂肪含量较高食物的患者有53例（53．00％）；干预前两组患者的各项指标差异均无统计学意义（P＞0．05），干预后观察组患者的空腹血糖、餐后2 h 血糖、糖化血红蛋白、血胆固醇分别为（6．09＆#177;1．35） mmol/L，（9．03＆#177;3．22）mmol/L，（6．22＆#177;0．76）％，（5．01＆#177;1．03）mmol/L，均优于对照组的（6．81＆#177;1．37）mmol/L，（11．65＆#177;3．12）mmol/L，（7．41＆#177;0．82）％，（5．41＆#177;0．92）mmol/L，差异有统计学意义（t分别为-2．647，-4．132，-7．526，-2．048；P＜0．05）；通过单因素分析，糖尿病健康教育经历与学历水平是影响糖尿病患者营养知识掌握程度的重要因素。结论仿真食物模型联合食物交换份法提高了2型糖尿病患者饮食干预的效果，同时医护人员及相关工作人员要加强饮食控制和营养知识咨询的指导工作。

Objective To observe the status of nutrition knowledge mastery and dietary education way among patients with type 2 diabetes,so as to provide reference for their self-management.Methods A total of 100 patients with type 2 diabetes between August 2011 and August 2012 were investigated with the Court homemade nutrition knowledge questionnaire , then were randomly divided into observation group and control group with each group 50 cases.Control group received conventional dietary intervention ,while observation group were given joint simulation food model food to exchange copies law education .Related indicators of the two groups were compared after 3 months,and its influencing factor were analyzed by KPR .Results Most patients with diabetes nutrition knowledge awareness were low , which understand the food exchange copies of the concept was only 3 patients （3.00%）, 53 cases （53.00%） patients understand the higher fat content of food .After the intervention, fasting blood glucose [（6.09 ＆#177;1.35 vs 6.81 ＆#177;1.37）mmol/L）],2 h postprandial blood glucose [（9.03 ＆#177;3.22 vs 11.65 ＆#177;3.12）mmol/L],glycosylated hemoglobin [（6.22 ＆#177;0.76 vs 7.41 ＆#177;0.82）%] and blood cholesterol levels [（5.01 ＆#177;1.03 vs 5.41 ＆#177;0.92） mmol/L] in observation group were significantly decreased than that in control group （ t =-2.647, -4.132, -7.526, -2.048, respectively;P ＆lt;0.05 ）;Univariate analysis results showed that educational experience and education level were the important influencing factors of nutritional knowledge of patients .Conclusions Food simulation model combined with food exchange parts by law can effectively improve the intervention effect of type 2 diabetes, health care workers and staff should strengthen the guidance for diet and nutritional knowledge .