透光抚育对长白山“栽针保阔”红松林群落结构和凋落物影响

Effects of Liberation Felling on Structure and Litter of the Korean Pine Forests by Planting Conifer and Reserving Broad-leaved Trees in Changbai Mountains of China

[目的]为加快阔叶红松林恢复，完善“栽针保阔”恢复理论体系，并为阔叶红松林恢复实践提供科学依据。[方法]运用采伐试验方法，研究上层透光抚育（对照一栽针未采伐、轻度采伐-25％、中度采伐-50％、强度采伐-75％、皆伐-100％，采伐强度是指蓄积比例）对长白山中期（33年）“栽针保阔”红松林群落结构、群落蓄积量及凋落物的影响规律。[结果]①随着择伐强度增大，红松的重要值逐渐上升（0．364％～0．732％），红松在群落中的优势地位逐渐上升，而阔叶树种重要值却不断下降。②轻、中度择伐较对照凋落物量（6．11±0．42～7．45±0．79t／hm^2）显著提高了8．6％和13．7％（P〈0．05），强度择伐和皆伐降低1．2％和6．7％，但仅皆伐降低显著（P〈0．05）；对于凋落物碳储量，中度择伐使其凋落物碳储量（2．13±0．39～2．82±0．37t／hm^2）较对照提高19．5％（P〈0．05），皆伐使其降低9．8％（P〈0．05）。⑧皆伐、强度择伐、中度择伐和轻度择伐蓄积量（221．2～260．6m^3／hm^2）较对照群落分别提高了26．9％、19．5％、15．9％和7．7％，且均与对照之间存在显著差异（P〈0．05）。而对于红松蓄积量（36．6～184．4m^3／hm^2），皆伐、强度择伐、中度择伐、轻度择伐依次较照样地提高了5．0、4．1、2．8、1．9倍，且均与对照有显著差异（P〈0．05）。[结论]从促进林分稳定性、维持凋落碳储量及提高森林的生态效益综合考虑，采伐强度应以中低度透光方式为宜。

[ Objective] In order to accelerate broad-leaved Korean pine mixed forests restoration, consummate the restoration of theoretical system about Korean pine forest by planting conifer and reserving broad-leaved tree, provide scientific basis for broad-leaved Korean pine for- ests restoration practice. [ Method] The effects of liberation cutting on community structure, litter biomass and stock volume from the mid-term （33-year-old） Korean pine forest restored by an approach of planting conifer and reserving broad-leaved tree was studied by using crown thinning control test method in Changbai Mountains of China. Five levels of cutting intensities were taken, which were no cutting-control, low- intensity selective cutting -25%, moderate-intensity selective cutting -50% and heavy-intensity selective cutting -75%, clear cutting - 100% （cutting intensity refer to the ratio of stock volume）. [ Result] ①Important Value of Korean pine increased graduall（0. 364 -0. 732） along with the increasing of crown thinning and the predominant position of Korean Pine increased gradually, but Important Value of broad-leaf species decreased gradually. ②Compared to CK, low-intensity selective cutting and moderate-intensity selective cutting made the Litter bio- mass （6.11 ±0.42 -7.45 ± 0.79 t/hm2） increase by 8.6% and 13.7% （P 〈 0.05）, while heavy-intensity selective cutting and clear cut- ting made it decrease by 1.2% and 6.7% respectively, and clear cutting had significant difference. For the litter carbon storage, Moderate- intensity selective cutting made the litter carbon storage （2.13 ±0.39 - 2.82±0.37 t/hm^2 ） increase by 19.5% than that of CK （ P 〈 0.05 ）, while clear cutting reduced it by 9.8% （P 〈 0.05）. ③Compared to CK, low-intensity selective cutting, moderate-intensity selective cutting, heavy-intensity selective cutting and clear cutting made Stock volume （221.2 - 260.6 m^3/hm^2 ） increase by 26.9% , 19.5% , 15.9% and 7.7% respectively（ P 〈 0.05 ）. For Korean pine volume （ 36.6 - 184.4 m^3/hm^2 ）, low-intensity selective cutting, moderate-intensity selec- tive cutting, heavy-intensity selective cutting and clear cutting made Korean pine volume increase by 5.0, 4.1, 2.8, 1.9 times than that of CK respectively（P 〈0.05）. [Conclusion] So low-intensity selective cutting and moderate-intensity selective cutting should be adopted to ac- celerate the stand stability, maintain litter carbon storage and promote forest ecological benefits for this kind of Korean pine forest.