学校布局调整政策执行:县级教育行政部门视角

Policy Implementation of School Layout Adjustment:the Perspective of Educational Administration at County Level

利用11个省(自治区)的县级教育行政部门调研数据,本文探讨了县级教育行政部门在学校布局调整政策执行中的相关议题。研究发现:学校布局调整政策执行过程中存在"认识"和"行动"的巨大差距,政策执行方式行政化色彩浓厚、执行阻力较大,政策执行存在较大扭曲,未来仍有四成左右县(市)希望进一步撤并学校。笔者认为,提升县级教育行政部门在县域教育规划中的决策地位,理顺各级政府对义务教育财政分担比例,建立多方参与的政策问责机制,能为学校布局调整政策有效执行构筑必要的制度保障。

Based on the data of 11 provinces＇ survey, this paper discusses the policy implementation of school layout adjustment from the perspective of educational administration at county level. The Research shows that： there was a huge gap between ＂understanding＂ and ＂action ＂ in the process of the policy implementation; overusing administrative manners caused large resistance in implementing policy at county level; and there existed the policy distortion in the implementation. But data still shows 40% of counties expect to close schools in the future. Considering this situation, there have three measures to guarantee the policy implementation. Firstly, the decision status of educational administrative department should be promoted in educational program at county level. Secondly, the financial contribution proportion of compulsory education should be rationalization at all levels of government. At last, establishing the accountability mechanism with multi-participation is also needed.