三峡水库库周生态屏障建设对策研究

Countermeasures Study on Ecological Barrier Construction in the Around of Three Gorges Reservoir

175m蓄水后的三峡库区,生态环境极为脆弱,为应对防护林带管护、农业面源污染防治、小流域综合治理等有关库周生态屏障建设的宏观部署提供支持,2010年6月,中国工程院启动"三峡库区生态环境保护与建设战略咨询项目",组织数十位院士和专家,深入重庆三峡库区、北京怀柔密云水库、浙江千岛湖、云南滇池、洱海等我国重要水库及周边地区进行实地考察,先后在重庆、北京、杭州、昆明等地召开"三峡库区生态环境保护与建设研究"座谈会,邀请相关管理和技术专家介绍当地在保护水库生态环境和发展当地经济的成功经验,对目前三峡库周生态屏障的现状、取得的进展、存在的问题和对策建议开展了研讨,形成的对策建议分别送国务院三峡工程建设委员会办公室、中国长江三峡集团公司、环保部和重庆市政府相关部门征求意见,项目组综合各相关单位反馈的意见和建议,提出巩固和继续加强三峡库区重点生态专项工程建设;减少库区的人口压力,实现库区人口的合理有序转移;库区生态环境建设一定要与农民的增收致富相结合;加大投入,建设库区社会主义新农村;清洁小流域建设要纳入规划,开展治理试点工作;建立监管目标考核和库区生态补偿的长效机制等6点建议,为各级政府在三峡水库库周生态屏障建设决策时提供参考。

After the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir area achieved 175 meters, the ecological environment of that area was extremely frail. In order to provide supports to the macroscopic deployment of the reservoir ecological barrier construction, such as the shelterbelt protection, agricultural non-point source pollution prevention, comprehensive management of small watershed. In June 2010, the Chinese Academy of Engineering launched ＂the follow-up work of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area ecological environment protection and construction strategy consulting project＂, organized dozens of academicians and experts to perform in-depth field research at the Three Gorges Reservoir of Chongqing, the Huairou Reservoir and Miyun Reservoir Huairou of Beijing, the Thousand Island Lake of Zhejiang, the Dianchi Lake and Erhai Lake of Yunnan such as our country＇s important reservoir and surrounding area, successively held a ＂forum of Three Gorges Reservoir area ecological environment protection and construction research＂ in Chongqing, Beijing, Hangzhou, Kunming, invited relevant management experts and technical experts to introduce the local successful experience in the development of local economy and the protection of the reservoir ecological environment. The experts discussed the present situation and achievements and countermeasures of reservoir ecological barrier, and then sent the suggestions to the State Council Three Gorges Project Construction Committee Office, China Three Gorges Corporation, Environmental Protection Department and the Chongqing City Hall related departments. The project team integrated the feedback and suggestions of relevant units, and proposed six advices which consisted of consolidating and continuing to strengthen the important special ecological construction o{ Three Gorges Reservoir area, reducing the population pressure in the reservoir area, achieving the reasonable and orderly transfer of population, ecological environment construction must be combined with the farmers＇ income, increasing investment to construct the new socialist countryside, cleaning small watersheds should be included in the planning, to carry out the trial work of governance, establishing the objective assessment of supervision and the long-acting mechanism of ecological compensation of reservoir area. These advices could provide a reference for all levels of government to make decision on the Three Gorges reservoir ecological barrier construction.