吉林省2011年出生缺陷监测结果分析

Analysis of the monitoring results of birth defects in Jilin Province in 2011

目的分析吉林省2011年出生缺陷监测结果，为制定减少出生缺陷的决策提供科学依据。方法采用以医院为基础的监测方案，对吉林省2011年215家监测医院出生的妊娠28周至生后7天的围产儿进行出生缺陷监测。结果2011年吉林省共监测围产儿181371例，发现缺陷儿1722例，出生缺陷发生率为94．94／万。前5位出生缺陷依次为：先天性心脏病、多指（趾）、总唇裂、先天性脑积水、外耳其他畸形。农村和城镇地区的出生缺陷发生率分别为82．06／和112．00／万，城乡发生率差异有统计学意（X^2=42．36，P〈0．01）。男性和女性围产儿的出生缺陷发生率分别为105．96／万和81．49／万，不同性别的出生缺陷发生率差异有统计学意义（X^2=29．00，P〈0．01）。母亲年龄〈20岁和30～34岁的围产儿出生缺陷发生率最高。结论应深入开展主要出生缺陷的病因学研究，普及优生优育健康教育，提高产前筛查和产前诊断水平，并针对高危孕产妇采取有效防控措施，适时终止妊娠，减少出生缺陷，提高出生人口素质。

Objective To analyze the monitoring results of birth defects in Jilin Province in 2011, so as to provide scientific basis for decision-making to reduce birth defects. Methods According to hospital-based monitoring program, perinatal infants aged from 28 weeks of gestation to 7 days after birth in 215 monitoring hospitals in Jilin Province in 2011 were monitored for birth defects. Results Of the total number of 181 371 perinatal cases monitored in Jilin Province in 2011, 1 722 cases were found with defects, with the incidence of 94.94/ 10 000. The top five birth defects were congenital heart disease, polydactyly, total cleft lip, congenital hydrocephalus, and other abnormalities of auricle. The incidence of birth defects in rural and urban areas was 82.06/10 000 and 112.00/10 000, respectively, and the difference was significant （X^2 = 42.36 ,P 〈 0.01 ）. The incidence of birth defects of boys and girls was 105.96/10 000 and 81.49/10 000, respectively, and there was significant difference （X^2 = 29.00, P 〈 0.01 ）. The incidence of birth defects was highest among pregnant women under 20 years and those aged 30-34 years. Conclusion Studies on etiology of birth defects should be carried out, and health education on prenatal and postnatal care should be popularized. Meanwhile, prenatal screening and prenatal diagnostic level need to be improved. At last, timely termination of pregnancy and effective prevention and control measures for high-risk pregnant women should be taken to reduce birth defects and improve the birth quality.