高等教育“管办评分离”的缘由与路径

Separating the Government Authorities, Management and Assessment in Higher Education: Reasons and Approaches

高等教育的管办评分离,意味着政府、学校与社会在法律的框架下恪守各自边界,共同发挥各自应有的功能、展现不同的优势,从而实现善治、良治和共治的理想。这是尊重政府、大学、社会专业组织三方特性的内在要求,并能有力推进国家高等教育治理体系和治理能力的现代化,落实大学的办学自主权,充分释放社会专业组织的监督和评价效用。管办评分离的实质是理顺政府、大学和社会专业组织之间的关系,关键在于明确有分有合、既分又合的实现路径。一方面,在主体、职能、责任和手段上进行有效分离,使各方明晰定位、行使权能、担负责任、发挥效用;另一方面,推动目标汇合、机制融合、资源整合。实现权力和责任的均衡、权利和义务的对等,使得政府、大学、社会各司其职、各归其位,形成"政府管教育、学校办教育、社会评教育"三方协同、三强联动的新格局。

The separation of government authorities, management and assessment in higher education means that in the rule of the law, the government, the university and the society have their respective limits of rights, assume different responsibilities, demonstrate their own advantages, so as to best contribute to higher education. It is the inherent requirements of respecting the characteristics of the government, the university and professional organizations of the society. It helps to promote the modernization of the governance systems and its capacity, to fully implement university autonomy and to give full play to professional assessment organizations. The goal of separating the government, university management and assessment is to sort out the relationship among the government, the university and the professional organizations. The key lies in separating responsibilities and at the same time strengthening cooperation. On one hand, there should be efficient separation of the subjects, functions, duties and measures so that each party can fully shoulder their responsibilities, exercise their respective rights, and work best. On the other hand, the separation shall promote the convergence and coordination of targets, mechanisms and resources in order to achieve balance between rights and responsibilities, an equilibrium between rights and obligations, so that the government, the university and the society can play their roles properly, forming a new pattern of tripartite collaboration and linkage characterized by ＂ governments supervising education, universities running education and the society assessing education＂.