大国协调与跨区域安全治理

A Concert of Great Powers and Trans-regional Security Governance

大国协调作为一种重要的多边安全机制,从成员的来源和所涉及的核心层次看,大国协调可分为区域、跨区域和全球三种形态。冷战后,由于体系层次和单元层次发生了重大改变,大国协调在区域安全治理中兴起。跨区域大国协调在新的历史条件下遵循了协调机制的一般规范与规则:一致性、合法性、责任性、包容性和自我克制。同时,它也具有突出的时代特点和独特功能:一是大国协调的会议成果被联合国安理会所认可、接受,与集体安全机制出现了紧密融合的新趋势;二是区域组织加入到大国协调的会议进程中来,发挥建设性作用,如柬埔寨问题解决中的东盟和伊朗核问题大国会谈中的欧盟。跨区域大国协调以大国为主导,具有鲜明的多边特性,对冷战后的国际安全治理体系、区域安全以及美国的唯一超级大国地位都产生了深刻影响。中国作为新兴大国,尤应重视跨区域大国协调的作用,因为它既为区域层次上的东亚安全合作,也为突破历史困境,实现"崛起国"和"守成国"在国际体系内和平共存、共同为国际社会供给公共产品,提供了可以借鉴的路径选择。

A concert of great powers is a multilateral security regime through which the major great powers manage international issues at diplomatic conferences.Based on sources of members and scope of governance,the concert of great powers can be divided into concert of regional great powers,concert of multi-regional great powers and concert of global great powers.In the post Cold War times,with changes from both system level and unit level,concert of multi-regional great powers enjoys a renaissance.Under such new historical conditions,the concert of multi-regional great powers retains the common rules and norms of a concert:consistency,legitimacy,accountability,inclusiveness and self-restraint.Meanwhile,it also embodies prominent characteristics and unique functions of the times:first,the outcomes of a concert are accepted by the UN Security Council,and the concert of multi-regional great powers and collective security tend to integrate in practice;second,regional organizations has joined the process of a concert and played a constructive role,as ASEAN on the Cambodia settlement agreements and EU on the Iranian nuclear issue.Given the multilateral features led by great powers,the concert of multi-regional great powers has profound impacts on the global security governance system,regional security and the US status as the sole superpower in the world.As an emerging power,China should attach great importance to the concert of multi-regional great powers because it provides optional routes for East Asian security by contributing to the peaceful coexistence between the 'rising powers' and the 'maintaining powers' as well as the provision of international public goods.