壳聚糖在重金属处理中的应用研究进展

Progress in Applications of Chitosans to Heavy Metals Treatment

指出了重金属污染已经成为社会热点问题,特别是Cd2+、Pb2+的污染,对自然和人类都存在极大危害,因此如何有效快速去除水中的重金属离子是水处理过程中面临的重要问题。综合评述和归纳了黄粉虫中壳聚糖的结构性质、应用前景,介绍了壳聚糖在生产和研究中的一些应用。研究表明:壳聚糖是线性的高分子聚合物,由于游离氨基的存在,其反应活性要比原先的甲壳素强得多,可生成多种衍生物,并且它具有良好的成膜性和吸湿性及较好的鳌合性和吸附性,探讨了其在水处理中重金属的去除等方面的应用,并进一步分析了吸附机理以及交联剂对壳聚糖膜性能的影响。

The pollution of heavy metals, especially cadmium and lead, has been an important social issue and has great harmsto the nature and the human being. Therefore,it＇s an urgent issue to remove the heavy metal ions effectively in the water treatment process. This article comprehensively reviews and generalizes the structural properties and potential uses of the chitosan,and also introduces some applications of the chitosan in research and production. Owing to the free amino group, the reactivity of chitosan is much stronger than the original chitin. It can generate a variety of derivativesandhas good film--forming property,moisture absorption,chelation and absorption capacity. Therefore, this articlealso introduces its application in removing the heavy mental in water, and makes a further analysis of the adsorption mechanism and the influence of cross--linkeron the property of the chitosan membrane.