我国行业间工资差距的动态考察

An Investigation into the Dynamic Differences of Wages between Industries

随着市场化改革的推进,我国行业中国有或国有控股投资所占的比重大幅度下降,行业的所有制性质及垄断竞争程度发生了重大变化,因此,只有将这种变化纳入对行业垄断的理解和对行业间工资差距的动态研究中,才能准确把握行业间工资差距的变化及其趋势。对2004—2011年我国行业间工资差距的实证分析表明,行政性垄断对于行业间工资差距的形成有不小的贡献率,但动态地看,这一期间呈现出倒U形曲线的特点。缩小和消除不合理的行业间工资差距,需要破除行业的行政性垄断,特别是取消对不同要素所有者采取差别性国民待遇的政策,对企业和个人都实行统一的国民待遇制度,促进部门和行业间的竞争和要素的合理流动。同时需要根据由生产技术性质和特点决定的具有垄断属性的特殊行业以及实现社会共同利益所需要政府直接介入的特殊领域的实际情况,建立垄断利益分享制度,以调节行业间的收入差距。

In China＇s market-oriented reforms, the proportion of state-owned or state-controlled in- vestment has been greatly decreased, and the ownership and degree of monopoly have also been signifi- cantly changed. These transformations should not be ignored if we want to understand correctly the dy- namics and trends of monopoly and differences of wages between industries. This paper investigates the dynamic differences of wages between different industries using time-varying grouping method, meas- ures the differences （2004-2011） through the Theil index, proves the existence of administrative mo- nopoly and calculates its contribution to the wage differences by decomposing the Theil index. It shows that administrative monopoly plays a certain part in the wage gap but presents an inverted U-shaped curve characteristics during that period. In order to reduce and eliminate unreasonable wage gap be- tween industries, administrative monopoly especially the non-national treatment policies towards dif- ferent owners of elements must be abolished; a unified system of national treatment should be imple- mented for businesses and individuals, and competitions between industries and rational flow of factors should be promoted. Meanwhile, a monopoly benefit sharing system can be established to adjust the income differences in special industries that the monopolies are determined by the nature and character- istics of production technologies and areas that require direct government intervention to achieve the common interests of the whole society.