大豆分子的育种现状、挑战与展望

Soybean Molecular Breeding: Current Status, Challenges and Perspectives

近年来,大豆育种技术取得了重要进展,育种理论和技术也发生了重大变革。通过多种技术的集成与整合,加速了优质大豆培育进程,以分子标记辅助育种、转基因育种等技术逐渐成为大豆遗传改良的重要手段。本研究综述了大豆分子标记辅助育种、大豆转基因及分子设计育种的研究进展,分析了中国大豆分子育种现状和挑战,认为中国大豆分子育种存在优异基因资源匮乏,大豆分子育种技术方法相对落后,分子育种培育的突破性品种过少等问题,提出了未来要加强重要经济性状形成的遗传和分子基础研究,要重视加强多种模型的开发等几点建议。

Recent years, breeding in soybean have made a great progress m the worla, l ne meones anu technologies of breeding have also been revolutionarized considerably. Breeding efficiency has been improved because of integration of various technologies in molecular breeding. Soybean molecular breeding based on marker-assisted breeding and transgenic breeding has been become an important method in which is soybean genetic improvement. Developments of research in soybean molecular breeding, transgenic breeding and molecular design breeding was summarized in this paper. The status and challenges of soybean molecular breeding in China were also analysised. Some problems for soybean molecular breeding such as method relative backwardness and lack of good variety were proposed. Some suggestions such as strengthen fundamental research and develope differnt models of soybean breeding were put forward in this paper.