施肥对马铃薯花芽分化进程及其相关生理指标的影响

The Influence of Fertilization on the Potato Flower Bud Differentiation and the Differences of Physiological Indexes in the Process

为研究马铃薯块茎产量品质的形成机理,采用显微照相法和相对叶绿素含量测定仪SPAD-502plus,研究2个施肥处理下马铃薯花芽分化过程,叶片内淀粉还原糖含量及相对叶绿素含量。结果表明,马铃薯块茎形成与花芽分化时间有关,分化越早,块茎发生越早;马铃薯花芽分化的过程是由外而内进行的,分别为花原基分化、花萼分化、花瓣分化、雄蕊分化期、雌蕊分化期;马铃薯相对叶绿素含量(SPAD值)的变化趋势与叶片内淀粉还原糖含量基本一致,花芽分化期达最大值;通过试验研究得出马铃薯块茎产量品质的形成与花芽分化时间及期间叶片内营养水平、叶绿素含量显著相关。

The potato flower bud differentiation process of two fertilizer treatments and relative chlorophyll content of starch, soluble sugar content in leaves were studied by micrography and relative chlorophyll meter SPAD-502plus to research the formation mechanism of the quality of potato tuber yield. Results show that the potato tuber formation was related to the time of flower bud differentiation, the earlier the differentiation starts, the sooner the tuber happens. The processes of the potato flower bud differentiation were outside-in, and divide to the flower primordium differentiation, differentiation of sepal, petal, stamen differentiation stage and pistil differentiation stage. The changing trend of potato relative chlorophyll content （SPAD） was similar to starch and soluble sugar consistent in leaves and reached up to a maximum in flower bud differentiation period. Through the experiment, we got that potato tuber yield and quality formation are significantly related to flower bud differentiation time, and nutrient levels, chlorophyll content during the process.