育成巨胚稻与其亲本的糙米粒型性状和矿物质含量的比较分析

Comparative Analysis on Grain Traits and Mineral Elements of Brown Rice from Bred Giant Embryo Rice and Its Parents

为了揭示育成巨胚稻、引进的粳型巨胚稻和籼型常规稻亲本的糙米粒型性状和矿物质含量的差异,分析了3类水稻的糙米粒型和胚性状指标,检测了糙米中6种重要矿物质的含量。结果表明:(1)所有巨胚稻的胚大小约为常规非巨胚稻的4倍,笔者育成的巨胚稻遗传了其巨胚稻亲本的巨胚性状,也保留了其常规非巨胚稻亲本的粒型特征;巨胚稻糙米粒重的增加有利于增加绝对胚重,但与相对胚重呈显著负相关性;(2)与‘91-308’相比,4种巨胚稻糙米中钾、镁、钙、铁、锰、锌等矿物质的含量大多数都有大幅度的增加,其平均增加幅度分别为30.2%、9.4%、75.8%、8.3%、58.3%、23.0%;育成巨胚稻糙米的钾、镁和钙含量比其巨胚稻亲本有所增加。结论:杂交选育过程中,育成巨胚稻保持了其常规稻亲本的籼型粒型特征,遗传了粳型巨胚稻亲本的巨胚和高矿物质含量特性。

In order to disclose the differences of brown rice grain traits and mineral elements among bred giant embryo rice （BGE）, introduced japanica giant embryo rice （IGE） and parental indica normal embryo rice （NE）, parameters of grain traits and embryo characters of three groups brown rice were analyzed, and six important mineral elements contents of brown rice were detected. The results were showed as follows： （1） The embryo size of all giant embryo rice （GE） is about 4 times of NE. The BGE inherited the giant embryo traits from IGE parents, and preserved the grain traits of NE parents. The increase of GE grain weight was beneficial to enhance its absolute embryo weight, but it was notably negative to the relative embryo weight. （2） Compare with ＇91-308＇ most of the contents of potassium, magnesium, calcium, iron, manganese and zinc in 4 GE brown rice increased by a wide margin, and the average increasing extent were 30.2%, 9.4%, 75.8%, 8.3%, 58.3% and 23.0%, respectively. The contents of potassium, magnesium and calcium of BGE brown rice were higher than that of the IGE parents. In conclusion, BGE maintained the grain traits of the indica parental NE and inherited the characteristics of giant embryo and high mineral elements contents from the japanica parental IGE in the process of hybrid selection.