不同栽培模式下春玉米物质积累与转运特性的研究

Study on Characteristics of the Matter Accumulation and Transportation of Spring Maize Under Different Cultivation Patterns

为解析不同栽培模式下产量形成差异,密、肥合理调控和选择最佳栽培模式提供理论指导,以‘先玉335’和‘金山27’为供试品种,在西辽河平原研究了农户模式(NH)、高产模式(GC)和再高产模式(ZGC)下春玉米物质积累与转运特性的研究。结果表明,春玉米各生育时期单株干物质积累量均表现为NH>GC>ZGC,且3种模式间的差异随着生育进程推移而增大;春玉米群体干物质积累量则表现为ZGC>GC>NH,且在成熟期不同模式间差异均达到显著或极显著水平。春玉米单株干物质最大积累速率表现为NH>GC>ZGC,群体干物质最大积累速率的大小顺序则与之相反。春玉米各营养器官干物质转移量、转移率及其对籽粒的贡献率总体上表现为NH>GC>ZGC。从各器官的转运情况来看,2个品种叶的转移率高于茎鞘和穗部营养体,且以穗部营养体最小;器官物质转运贡献率‘先玉335’表现为茎鞘>叶片,而‘金山27’则表现为叶片>茎鞘;穗部营养体物质转运对籽粒的贡献率‘先玉335’大于‘金山27’。

Study on characteristics of the matter accumulation and translocation of spring maize under different cultivation patterns to show the different yield, density and fertilizer of reasonable regulation and choose the best cultivation mode, which provided a theoretical basis for defer decrepitude. The ＇Jinshan27＇ and ＇Xianyu335＇ were grown under the farmer （NH）, high yield （GC） and higher yield （ZGC） condition to study on characteristics of the matter accumulation and transportation of spring maize in west Liaohe Plain. The results showed that, dry matter accumulation per plant in each stage was NH 〉 GC 〉 ZGC, and the differences among three patterns with the advance of growth and development were significantly increased; population dry matter accumulation was ZGC 〉 GC 〉 NH, and the differences among different patterns reached significant level in the mature stage. Dry matter accumulation maximum rate per plant wgs NH 〉 GC 〉 ZGC, the maximum population dry matter accumulation rate in contrast. Dry matter translocation, translocation rates and its contribution rates to grain of vegetative organs were NH 〉 GC 〉 ZGC. The translocation rates of leaves were higher than stem-sheath and spike, and the spike was the smallest. For the vegetative organs contributionrates to grain, ＇Xianyu335＇ performance for stem-sheath 〉 leaves, ＇Jinshan27＇ performance for leaves 〉 stem-sheath; the contribution to grain of spike of ＇ Xianyu335＇ was higher than ＇Jinshan27＇