气体信号分子调控植物发育和响应逆境胁迫的生理与分子机制

Physiological Regulation and Molecular Mechanisms of Gasotransmitters in Plant Development and Adversity Response

NO、CO和H2S气体信号分子及其生物学作用已成为当前生命科学领域中激素和信号转导研究的热点。当前,人们正在深入探讨这3种气体信号分子在植物生命活动中的作用。总结了植物内源性气体信号分子的产生方式,参与调节种子萌发、根系发育、叶绿素合成、光合作用、气孔运动、物质代谢、衰老等植物生长发育的过程;以及其在植物应答盐、极端温度、渗透、干旱、重金属等逆境胁迫中的作用。同时,讨论了气体信号分子调控植物生长发育的特点,以及可能的交叉作用途径,并对该领域后续的研究工作进行了展望。

The gasotransmitters, such as NO, CO and H2S and their biological function have become a research hotspot in terms of the hormone and signal transduction in life sciences. At present, the role of these three gasotransmitters in the life of plant has been discussed. This paper summarizes the production of endogenous gasotransmitters and their roles involved in the process of plant growth and development, such as seed germination, root development, chlorophyll biosynthesis, photosynthesis, stomatal movements, substance metabolism and senescence regulation. The function mechanisms of them in the plants to respond to various environmental stresses, for instance, salt-stress, extreme temperatures, osmotic stress, drought-stress, heavy metal stress and other abiotic stresses has been summarized in this paper. Meanwhile, it was discussed that the characteristics of them in the regulation of plant growth and development, possible cross-pathway and the prospect of subsequent research work in this field.