药用植物太空育种研究进展

Research Progress of Space Seeding of Medicinal Plants

药用植物的品质决定中药产品的质量和疗效,而药用植物育种是提高中药材产量和质量的关键。太空育种作为一种新的育种技术近年来在药用植物研究领域得到重点发展。在查阅相关文献的基础上,归纳了近年来药用植物太空育种在生物性状、细胞学、有效成分变化、分子标记、安全性等不同方向的研究进展和基本结论,总结了国内外在该领域取得的工作成果,分析了药用植物太空育种的特殊性及其研究存在的问题。认为将太空育种用于药用植物新品种的选育,可加快药材品种选育进程,提高育种质量。目前在药用植物空间生物学、后代性状遗传稳定性和有效成分变化规律等方面研究欠缺,建议加强药用植物太空育种基础理论研究投入,明晰诱变因素和诱变机制,进一步提高育种预见性和育种效率;建立具有药用植物特点的综合评价系统和新品种审定体系;针对药用植物太空育种的安全性和空间环境处理后有效成分种类和含量变化问题开展风险评价研究。

The quality of medicinal plants directly affects the quality products, and genetic seeding plays a key role on improving the quality years, as a new seeding technology, space breeding and effect of herbal and medicinal and yield of the plants. In the recent has achieved a lot of success in the study of medicinal plants. Based on some previous works, this study summarized the research progress and the basic conclusions of space seeding of medicinal plants in various aspects including biological characters, cytology, active ingredients＇ alteration, molecular marking and security, etc, concluded the achievements of this technology worldwide, and analyzed the particularity of space seeding of medicinal plants and studied its existing problems. Using space seeding in the seed selection of medicinal plants＇ new species could fasten the progress of space seeding of medicinal plants and improve the seeding quality. Currently, there were insufficiency of studies in medicinal plants in space biology, in the stability of heredity and in the pattern of active ingredients＇ alteration and so on. It suggested the enhancement of efforts in studying the basic theories of space seeding of medicinal plants, the clarification of the mutant factors and mechanisms, the further improvement of the predictability and the productivity of seeding; it should establish a comprehensive evaluation system that contained medicinal plants＇ characteristics as well as an examination system for the new species anddeveloping research of risk assessment for the security of space seeding as well as active ingredients and the contents after space environment was altered.