农村经济组织形态的演变与创新——山东省莱阳市农业产业化调查报告

The Evolution of the Formation of Rural Economic Organization and Its Innovation

农业产业化的进程也是一个农村经济组织演变和创新的过程。作者在对山东省莱阳市调研的基础上描述和分析了这一历史过程。在农业产业化之初 ,农村的主要经济组织形式是合作社和“龙头企业 +农户”。但是 ,这两种组织形式都存在着一些缺陷。前者主要是受制于资金不足和缺乏抵押性资产 ;后者主要是契约不能对当事人构成有效约束。为了克服这些缺陷 ,有必要引入组织中介 ,形成新的组织形式———“龙头企业+合作社 +农户”或“龙头企业 +大户 +农户”。这种组织变革在一定程度上弥补了原有制度缺陷 ,从而在实践中日益发展成为农业产业化的主要组织形态。但是 ,由于契约是不完全的 ,合作社和大户抵押性资产不足 ,这两种组织形式也面临着一些新问题 ,本文探索了组织改善和组织创新的路径。

Agricultural industrialization is a process of evolution and innovation of rural economic organization.This paper analyses the historical process based on the investigation of Laiyang County,Shandong Province.At the early stage of agricultural industrialization,rural economic organization mainly tooks the form of cooperatives and the form of “leading firms +farmers”. However,both of these forms have defects.The cooperatives,being too small,possess too few assets for mortgage.The “leading firms+farmers”,on the other hand,are not effectively bound by their contracts,if any.So,intermediary organizations are needed to remove these defects.New organizations,such as “firms+cooperatives+farms” or “firms+big farmers+small farmers” are innovated as a result.This innovation improves the efficiency of rural economic organization,but the new forms,too,have their problems caused by the incomplete contracts and inadequate assets of intermediary organizations.To solve these problems,we need to have a fresh look into the improvement and innovation of rural economic organization.