医院2010年-2013年抗菌药物不良反应分析

Adverse reactions for use of antibiotics from 2010 through 2013

目的调查分析医院2010年1月-2013年1月抗菌药物的不良反应病历资料，为临床使用抗菌药物提供参考依据。方法对医院2010年1月-2013年1月所发生的抗菌药物不良反应病历进行统计，记录患者的一般信息、药物治疗方案、不良反应类型及表现等，分析抗菌药物不良反应的特点。结果3年医院共发生抗菌药物不良反应486例，不良反应的发生率为1．30％，年龄〈10岁和〉60岁患者分别为36．6％和44．0％，11～59岁患者为19．4％，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；女性患者发生率为77．0％，相对于男性患者的23．0％明显增高（P〈0．05），原发疾病为呼吸系统疾病患者比例最多为64．2％；注射用药、联合用药和医院等是不良反应发生率的主要因素，分别为84．8％、94．0％和82．1％。结论患者的年龄、联合用药及注射用药是不良反应发生的主要因素，廊引起临床用药的滓意。

OBJECTIVE To analyze the cases with adverse reactions induced by the use of antibiotics from Jan 2010 to Jan 2013 so as to guide the clinical use of antibiotics. METHODS From Jan 2010 through Jan 2013, the cases with adverse reactions were taken for statistics, then the general information, drug therapy programs, types of adverse reactions, and manifestations of the patients were recorded, and the characteristics of the adverse reactions due to use of antibiotics were observed. RESULTS The adverse reactions occurred 486 cases within the three years with the incidence rate of 1.30% ; the incidence rate of the adverse reactions was 36.6% in the patients aged less than 10 years, 44.0% in the patient aged more than 60 years, 19.4% in the patients aged between 11 and 59 years, the difference was significant t（P〈0.05） ; the incidence rate of the female patients was 77.0% , significantly higher than 23.0% of the male patients（P〈0.05）. Among the patients with primary diseases, the patients with respiratory system diseases accounted for 64.2%, The injection medication, combination use of antibiotics, and hospital were the main factors resulting in the adverse reactions, accounting for 84.8%, 94.0 %, and 82.1 %, respectively. CONCLUSION The age, combination use of antibiotics, and injection administration are the main factors leading to the adverse reactions, and great importance should be attached to the clinical medication.