孕期被动吸烟与孕产期母婴健康的关联

Correlation between passive maternal smoking during pregnancy and maternal and child health

目的:分析产妇孕期被动吸烟情况及其影响因素,进一步探讨被动吸烟与孕产期母婴健康的关联。方法:选择上海市某区小学、初中、高中各1所,以班级为单位进行整群抽样,共调查1 444名学生,按母亲孕期有无被动吸烟分为被动吸烟组和对照组。比较两组母亲孕期健康情况、新生儿出生健康情况和社会家庭经济情况。结果:16.4%的母亲在孕期处于被动吸烟环境中,且以丈夫吸烟、丈夫文化程度低、家庭经济状况较差的人群分布较高。被动吸烟组孕产妇流产、营养不良、羊水过少、胎盘早剥和有3种以上妊娠并发症发生率明显高于无被动吸烟组(P<0.05)。被动吸烟组的新生儿体重偏低、早产儿和过期产儿发生率、后代女孩出生率明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。另外,被动吸烟组的母乳喂养持续时间低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:孕妇被动吸烟可严重影响孕妇和胎儿健康。今后应进一步深入有关香烟烟雾危害的健康教育,并以孕妇最终能够有效回避香烟烟雾的危害为最终目标。

Objective: To analyze the prevalence and influencing factors of passive maternal smoking during pregnancy,further explore the correlation between passive maternal smoking during pregnancy and maternal and child health. Methods: One primary school,one junior high school,and one senior high school were selected from a district of Shanghai city,then a stratified sampling study was conducted with a class as a unit,444 students were surveyed and divided into passive maternal smoking group and control group; maternal health during pregnancy,neonatal health at birth,and social family economic conditions in the two groups were compared. Results: About 16. 4% of pregnant women were in a passive maternal smoking environment. The distribution of passive maternal smoking was high among the pregnant women with smoking and low educational level of husbands,poor family economic condition; the incidence rates of abortion,malnutrition, oligohydramnion,placental abruption,and more than 3 kinds of complications in passive maternal smoking group were higher than those in non-passive maternal smoking group( P < 0. 05); the birth weight in passive maternal smoking group was lower; the incidence rates of premature birth and retarded birth,the birth rate of female neonates were higher( P < 0. 05); the duration time of breastfeeding in passive maternal smoking was shorter than that in control group( P < 0. 05). Conclusion: Passive maternal smoking during pregnancy has adverse impact on maternal and fetal health; education about the harm of tobacco should be recommended in the future to protect pregnant women from the adverse health effect caused by tobacco use.