2010～2012年我院感染性疾病病原菌分布及抗生素耐药分析

Antibiotic Resistance of Clinical Pathogenic Bacteria Distribution From 2010 to 2012 in the Hospital

目的 了解2010-2012年常见病原菌在本院的分布以及主要病原菌的药敏变迁.方法 采用回顾性调查方法,对2010-2012年间临床送检的标本中鉴定出的病原菌进行菌种鉴定,并且对排名前10种病原菌的数量分布进行统计学分析和对主要病原菌进行耐药性分析.结果 2010-2012年感染性疾病病原菌数量有逐年上升的趋势,前10种病原菌的菌种分布没有明显变化,革兰氏阴性杆菌占统计细菌的82.98%.各细菌对常用抗生素产生不同程度的耐药.金黄色葡萄球菌对β-内酰胺类、氨基糖苷类及大环内酯类等抗生素的耐药率均在50%左右或以上,对复方新诺明、链阳霉素类和氯霉素保持较好敏感性,没有发现对万古霉素和利奈唑胺耐药的菌株.大肠埃希菌对β-内酰胺类、氨基糖苷类、复方新诺明和哇诺酮类抗生素均有50%及以上的耐药率,对头霉素类和添加β-内酰胺酶抑制剂的抗生素有较好敏感性,有8 株大肠埃希菌对亚胺培南耐药.结论 革兰氏阴性杆菌为主要感染病原菌,以大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯杆菌检出率最高;革兰氏阳性球菌以金黄色葡萄球菌检出率最高.故细菌耐药率较高,倡导合理使用抗生素.

Objective To determine the distribution of clinical pathogenic bacteria in the hospital from 2010 to 2012. Methods Adop- ting retrospective survey method to identify the pathogens strains isolated in clinical specimens from 2010 to 2012 and analyzing the distribu- tion of the number of top ten pathogens and drug resistance of main pathogenic bacteria. Results From 2010 to 2012, infectious diseases pathogenic bacteria have been a trend with increasing numbers, and the top ten pathogen strains distribution did not change significantly. A- mong all these clinical infections species, the most prevalent species were Gram - negative bacilli with average positive detection of 82.98%. These pathogens have different drug resistances to common antibiotics. The average resistance rate of S. aureus to β -laetams, aminoglycosides and macrolides antibiotics were more than 50%. Conclusion Multiple resistance is the main risk factors in the hospital. Gram - negative bacilli is the major clinical pathogenic bacteria, with K. peneumoniae, E. coli taking the first two bacteria in Gram - nega- tive bacilli and S. anreus taking the first bacteria in gram - postive cocci. In order to reduce the production of drug resistance, the appropri- ate use of antibiotics must be strengthened.