老年社区获得性肺炎的临床特征分析

Analysis of the Clinical Characteristics of Aged Patients with Community Acquired Pneumonia

目的分析老年社区获得性肺炎(community-acquired pneumonia,CAP)的临床特征。方法对118例老年CAP的临床表现、实验室检查、胸部影像学检查资料进行回顾性分析。结果老年CAP具有发病隐匿,临床缺乏典型,肺部炎症体征不明显,86.4%(102例)患者伴有1种或多种基础性疾病,外周血白细胞升高患者较少,痰涂片培养结果 72%有致病菌生长,胸部X线检查不典型等特点。另外,老年社区获得性肺炎转化为重症肺炎导致多脏器功能衰竭为其死亡的主要原因。结论老年CAP常合并有基础性疾病,缺乏典型的临床表现,提高对CAP临床特点的认识,做到早期诊断,早期治疗。

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of elderly patients with community acquired pneumonia（CAP）. Methods The data of clinical manifestation, laboratory examination, chest imageology of 118 cases of senile CAP examination were retrospectively analyzed. Results The old CAP disease occurred recessively, lack of typical clinical manifestations. 86.4% patients have one or more of the underlying diseases, with less peripheral white blood cells elevation, 72% pathogenic bacteria, and atypical chest X -ray, etc. The elders＇ multiple organ failure caused by severe pneumonia is the main the reason of their death. Conclusion The aged patients with CAP are more likely to suffer from basic diseases, and the clinical manifestations are not typical. The understanding of clinical characteristics of CAP should be improved, and timely treatment and prognosis should be done.