孔子文学的学术路径与社会功能

Analysis on the Social Function and Academic Approach of Confucian Literature

孔子文学观念的核心,体现于个人是文化修养,体现于社会则是文治教化。孔子提出"志于道,据于德,依于仁,游于艺",指示了个人修养的学术路径,强调道艺相辅、内外兼修。在其所施行的"新六艺"教育中,孔子最重《诗》教,以其作为获得文学的基础和起点,并明确提出"兴于诗,立于礼,成于乐"的主张。他认为"诗可以兴,可以观,可以群,可以怨;迩之事父,远之事君;多识于鸟兽草木之名",充分肯定了《诗》的社会功能即在文治教化中的作用,使其成为社会意识形态的重要基础,从而开拓出以人文知识为基础、以人格培养为目标的中国文化教育和中国文学发展的新局面,其意义重大而深远。中国早期的文学观念,正是在这里找到了人文关怀的深厚基础和具体路径。

The core content of Confucian literature is cultural refinement to individuals what it is cultural cultivation to the society.Confucian ideas of Tao,Virtue,Benevolence and Academics illustrate the academic path to personal accomplishment,with emphasis on the complementary distribution of Tao and Academics. He believes that the most valuable in the Xin Liu Yi(Six New Academic Tenets) is the teaching of Poetics, which is considered the foundation and starting point for acquiring the literary knowledge. He formulates the conceptions of Poetics, Rites and Music and points out their different functions, among which the social function of poetics is that of cultural cultivation, a cornerstone of social ideology. Thus it has been of great importance and significance to Chinese cultural education and the development of Chinese literature in that it is liberal knowledge-based and character development-oriented. Consequently, its profound foundation and clear-cut path have been perched in the conceptions of traditional Chinese literature.