三七种植区土壤肥力特征研究与评价

Evaluation of Soil Fertility Characteristic for Panax notoginseng Planting Area

通过分析评价三七种植区的土壤肥力状况,为三七科学合理种植及施肥提供理论依据,并进一步完善三七土壤肥力评价体系.对采自云南、广西三七种植区57个样点的土壤样品进行了18种养分测定,并结合主成分分析、模糊数学及聚类分析法,对其进行了肥力综合评价.结果表明,三七种植区土壤有机质含量平均水平偏高,部分偏低;土壤全磷、有效磷、有效钾含量较高;全氮以及碱解氮含量属于中等偏上水平;除有效硼含量偏低外,其他中微量元素含量处于中上水平.同时土壤养分状况存在广泛变异,各项土壤养分指标的变异系数为12.93％ ～ 118.05％.通过对土壤肥力综合指标值（IFI）的聚类分析,种植区土壤肥力分为高、较高、中等、较低及低5个等级,属于中等以上（高、较高、中等）水平所占的比例为66.67％.结论认为,三七种植区土壤肥力总体属于较高水平;采用上述综合评价方法,可提高土壤肥力评价的定量化水平和科学性,从而可减少评价过程中主观因素的影响.

We investigated and evaluated soil fertility of the main Panax notoginseng planting area to provide scientific basis for the cultivation and fertilization of P.notoginseng and further improve the evaluation system for soil fertility of P.notoginseng.Eighteen soil nutrient indices of 57 soil samples from Yunnan and Guangxi province were examined.A comprehensive evaluation of the soil fertility was carried out by the methods of principal component analysis,fuzzy math and clustering analysis.The results showed that the average content of soil organic matter was relatively higher,but some were slightly lower.The contents of total nitrogen （N）,available N,total phosphorus （P）,available P,available potassium （K） were relatively higher than medium.The calcium （Ca）,magnesium （Mg）,sulphur （S） and the micronutrient elements were higher than medium,except the content of available B was lower than medium.The nutrient status in the soil varied widely and the coefficient of variation of various nutrients was from 12.93% to 118.05%.By the clustering analysis of integrated fertility index,the soil fertility of the area was classified into five different soil fertility grades,namely the highest,higher,medium,lower and lowest.The highest,higher and medium soil fertility grades accounted for 66.67% of the samples.The research conclusion was that the soil fertility of the main P.notoginseng planting area was between high level and medium; the comprehensive evaluation methods could improve the evaluation of soil fertility quantitatively and scientifically,thereby reduce the influence of subjective factors.