秦汉时期关中—天水地区人类活动与环境变迁

Human Activities and Environmental Changes in Guanzhong-Tianshui Area in the Qin and Han Dynasties

秦汉均都关中,加之移民,关中—天水地区人口得以迅速增长。为解决日益增加人口的粮食供应,秦汉政府修建了为数不少的水利工程,并在一定范围内开展屯田,使农业逐步取代畜牧业,因而植被不断萎缩。同时,秦汉时期战争中的"伐山开道",城邸等土木建设等行为使森林不断被蚕食,甚至到了远山。然而,由于生产力水平较低,人口总体规模不大,以及人工苑囿、池沼等建设,植树、定时禁伐禁焚等措施有意无意地起到了环境保护作用。因此,这一时期人类活动对环境的影响较为有限,生态环境变迁总体上呈温和状态。

In the Qin and Han dynasties, the growing population and water conservancy projects in Guanzhong-- Tianshui area contributed to the agr/cu/tural development, the expansion of agricultural areas and the shrinking for- est vegetation. Forests were severely damaged due to civil engineering works and wars. However, some of the rulers 9 measures, consciously or unconsciously, had a function of protecting the environment because of low productivity and small overall scale of population. So the influence of human activities to the environment is limited and the changes of ecological environment are relatively mild.