十九世纪六七十年代晚清的政治经济和外交格局的变化及其影响

The Analysis on the Changes and Influences of the Patterns of the Politics, Economy and Diplomacy of the Late Qing in the 1860's and 1870's

十九世纪六七十年代,晚清的政治经济和外交格局均发生了重大变化。政治上:北京政变发生;湘淮系等地方势力崛起;洋务派出现;太平天国运动失败,两个政权并存的局面结束。经济上:洋务运动兴起;中国民族资本主义工业产生,中国出现了新的经济因素和新的阶级力量。外交上:清政府宣布"借师助剿";构建了近代外事机构与体制,设立了驻外使领馆,开展了走向世界的出访活动。这些变化对当时的晚清产生了重要影响。

Great changes of the patterns of the politics, economy and diplomacy of the late Qing took place in the 1860’s and 1870’s. In politics： the coup of Beijing took place, local forces such as Xiang army and Huai army rose abruptly;advocators of Westernization Movement sprang up;the movement of Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace failed; and the situation that two political powers existed side by side ended. In economy： West-ernization Movement sprang up; the Chinese national capitalist industry emerged; and new economic factors and new class strength came into being. In diplomacy： the Qing Government declared to“make use of foreign troops to help to encircle and suppress”;established modern foreign affairs organizations and systems;opened embassies and consulates in foreign countries;and initiated activities of official visits to the world. These changes had important impact on the late Qing at the time.