系列新型氟硅表面活性剂的制备及性能

Preparation of series fluorosilicone surfactants and their properties

摘要：以1，3，5-三甲基-1，3，5．三（3’，3’，3＇-三氟丙基）环三硅氧烷（D3F）、八甲基环四硅氧烷（D4）、四甲基环四硅氧烷（D411）、六甲基二硅氧烷（MM）和烯丙基聚醚等为原料，经开环聚合和硅氢加成二步反应，制得系列新型氟硅表面活性剂（FSS）。用红外光谱（IR）对FSS的结构进行表征，研究FSS结构对表面张力、发泡力、稳泡性、乳化力、增溶力和耐酸碱盐稳定性的影响。结果表明，在质量分数相同的条件下，当烯丙基聚醚中的聚醚链节为聚氧乙烯、聚氧丙烯（EO／PO）时，所得FSS的表面张力比聚醚链节为聚氧乙烯（EO）时大；而在聚醚链节仅为EO时，随着EO数（12～7）的减小，所得FSS的表面张力有减小的趋势。系列FSS的发泡力较弱、稳泡性不强，且在浓度和聚醚链节类型相同条件下，发泡力和稳泡性随EO数增加而增强；随FSS中聚醚链段相对分子质量增大和亲水基增多，FSS对苯的增溶力会变大。系列FSS溶液均具有极佳的耐酸、碱、盐等化学稳定性，对煤油和50#机油的乳化力变化规律则不明显。

A series of novel fluorosilicone surfactants （FSS） are synthesized with two-step ring-opening polymerization and hydrosilylation reaction using 1,3,5-trimethyl- 1,3,5-tri （ 3＇, 3＇, 3＇-trifluoropro-pyl } cyclotrisiloxane （ D3 F ）, octamethylcyclotetrasi- Ioxane（ D4 ）, tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane （ D4H ）, hexamethyldisiloxane（ MM ）, allyl polyether and others as the raw materials. The chemical structure of FSS is characterized by I R, and the influences of FSS structure on surface tension, foaming power, foam stability, emulsifying ability, solubilization capacity and stability to acid, alkali and salt are investigated. Experimental re- sults show that with the same mass fraction, the surface tension of the FSS with polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene （ EO/PO ） as polyether chains in the allyl polyethers is bigger than that with polyethylene （EO） as chains. While the polyether chain is only EO, surface tension of the FSS shows a decreasing trend with reduced EO number from 12 to 7. At the same time, the foa- ming power of the FSS is weak, foam stability is not strong and the foam produced by FSS is more likely to disappear. With the same concentration and polyether chain type （ such as EO）, foaming power and foam stability of the FSS increase with the in- crease in the EO number. Solubilization capacity of FSS to benzene is improved with the increasing of relative molecular mass of the polyether chain segment and hydrophilic groups in the FSS. The FSS solution features excellent chemical stability to acid, alkali and salt, but emulsifying ability of FSS to coal oil and 50# machine oil shows no obvious law of change.