中国家庭追踪调查：理念与实践

The China Family Panel Studies:Design and Practice

为了让研究者对中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)有更多了解,本文从四个方面介绍其背景和特色。在设计理念上,CFPS以个人和家庭为研究主体,以多层次问卷和跟踪性调查为研究视角,充分考虑了社会现象的异质性、复杂性和时间性;在调查实施上,CFPS采用城乡一体的多阶段、内隐分层和与人口规模成比例的抽样方法保证样本的代表性,借助先进的调查技术提高访问质量,设计了兼顾研究需要和可操作性的追访原则;在问卷内容上,CFPS不仅涵盖内容广,而且在整合城乡问卷,收集家庭关系、人口流动、事件史、认知能力和少儿发展等相关数据上也均有长处;在数据上,本文以经济不平等、婚姻变迁、认知能力三个方面的数据研究为例,展示了CFPS的追踪设计和特色内容为社会科学研究带来的潜力。

The China Family Panel Studies （CFPS）, launched by Peking University, is a nationwide, comprehensive, longitudinal social survey. The project aims to document historically unprecedented social changes that are currently taking place in China in different domains by repeatedly collecting information from a sample of individuals, households, and communities over an extended period. In order to help researchers better understand the CFPS proiect and its data, this article describes the background and characteristics of the CFPS in four aspects. In research design, the CFPS adopts multiple-level questionnaires and a panel design to track changes in individuals and households so as to allow researchers to study heterogeneity, embeddedness, complexity, and time-dependency of social phenomena. In implementation, it uses multi- stage, implicit stratification, and probability proportion to size sampling methods with a sampling frame that integrates rural and urban populations to obtain a nationally representative sample. To assure data quality, the CFPS uses advanced computer-assisted personal interviewing （CAPI） techniques in its fieldwork. By now, the 2010 baseline survey, the 2011 small-scale followup survey for maintenance, and the 2012 full-scale followup survey have been completed. All follow-up strategies have met many research needs but remained practical. In contents, the CFPS learned from the methods and experiences from the most influential survey projects in the world. The questionnaires not only cover a wide range of topics but also consist of intergraded modules for rural and urban interviews and gathering information of family structure and family members, migrant mobility, event history （e. g., history of marriage, education, and employment）, cognitive ability, and child development. Finally, we present preliminary findings about income inequality and poverty, marital events and cohabitation, and cognitive ability based on the 2010 and 2012 CFPS data, as demonstrations of the CFPS＇s potentials for social science, owing to its strengths in research design and topical contents.