如何通过高中阶段赢得教育优势——对美国弗吉尼亚州大里士满地区公立高中的考察

United States Win Education Advantage through High School: A Field Research of Virginia Public High Schools in Greater Richmond Area

高中教育介于义务教育和高等教育之间,是学生基础阶段的高级阶段,又是学生走向高等专业教育的预备阶段。高中阶段的学校教育肩负学术培养与人格塑造的双重责任,始终面临大众和精英、基础和分流等两难,成为世界教育界公认办学困难的学段。笔者通过对美国当地公立高中的考察认为,美国的高中教育存在诸多优势可供借鉴:一是教育制度安排使学生获得连续性发展;二是分层分类的教育模式使学生获得个性化发展;三是大学录取中的多元评价机制引导学生获得全面发展。由于学术准备和人格准备充分,美国的基础教育依靠高中四年赢得了竞争优势,并在高等教育中持续保持并将优势逐步扩大。

High school, which exists between compulsory education and higher education, is an ad-vanced stage of the foundation stage as well as a preparation to higher professional education in the run - up. High school education bears the dual responsibility of improving academic and personali-ty. It is faced with the dilemma of mass and elite, divided and basis. Educators around the world a-gree that this stage is recognized as the most difficult period to teach. Through field investigation of local public high school in the United States, the advantages of United States high schools are re-vealed. Firstly, the US education system offers students a continuous development. Secondly, dif-ferent classification models of education levels give students opportunity to receive individualized de-velopment. Thirdly, the pluralistic evaluation standards of college admissions guide students to a comprehensive development. By stressing the academic and character preparation in four years, the United States gained and sustained this competitive advantage. Its advantages are then gradually ex-panded in higher education.