论先秦哲学与古希腊哲学的相通与相融

On the Similarities and Unities between Chinese Philosophy of the Pre-Qin Era and Ancient Greek Philosophy

先秦哲学和古希腊哲学分别处于中国和西方哲学发展史上源头活水的地位,虽然两者在产生和发展上有很大的不同,但其在致思取向和架构社会上仍有很多的相通相融之处:老子和赫拉克利特分别用"道"和"逻各斯"作为万事万物的本源,旨在寻找一种囊括宇宙万有的概念;孔子和苏格拉底分别使用"仁"与"德性"、"知"与"知识"等概念,来表达相似的道德主张和人生价值;荀子的"明分使群"社会建构观念与柏拉图的"分而治之"的理想国理念,均渗透着既"分"且"一"的社会和谐观等。研究中国先秦哲学和古希腊哲学的相通相融之处,寻找两者共同具有的普世价值,有助于促进中西文化交流,加深中西文化的相互理解。

Both Chinese philosophy of the Pre-Qin era and ancient Greek philosophy are respectively regarded as the sources of Chinese and Western philosophy. Though the two schools are greatly different in origin and development, there are many similarities and unities between them in terms of setting value orientation and constructing the society. Just like Heraclitus choosing logos, Li Dan chose“Dao”, meaning general principles as the sources of all the things in the world, so as to seek a concept including everything in universe. Confucian, based on“mercy”and“morality”, put forward his arguments on morality and man’s values, while Socrates did so based on“recognition”and“knowledge”. Xun Kuang put forward his view on social structure,“forming the society based on social classes”. Platon put forward his ideal on the country, “ruling people according to various social classes”. They showed the harmonious concept on the society, which included both “division” and “unity”. We should study the similarities and unities between the two schools of philosophy and seek their common values, which is helpful to improve the exchanges and strengthen mutual understandings between Chinese and Western cultures.