汉民族共同语的语音标准应微调为“以北京语音为基础音”

Re-Defining the Beijing Dialect Status in Describing the Standard Mandarin

作为一种文化纽带和交际工具,汉语普通话正在超越国界而成为五大洲各地华人,乃至全人类的共同资源。这一历史性的新发展有益于华人,有利于中国,造福于全世界。汉语普通话正在快步走向世界范围内强势语言的最前列,这将是我中华民族对人类文化多样性的又一次伟大贡献。在此背景下,我们应该借鉴英语的成功经验,审时度势,因势利导,本着开放、宽松、包容的态度对我们民族共同语的规范标准明智地从宽掌握,适度多元。在维护相对稳定的共同核心语言要素和高质量相互理解度的前提下,允许和尊重汉语普通话大家庭中各区域成员拥有一定的特色,给予境内外广泛存在的普通话变体以平等的地位和充分的尊严。既要维持大同,又要尊重客观存在而又合情合理的小异,让不同地区和不同背景的汉语普通话使用者平等分享对我们民族共同语的所有权、监护权和解释权,从而强化普通话自身的凝聚力和亲和力以及使用者对她的认同度和归属感。这有利于在中国国内推广普通话,有助于在全世界范围内推进汉语的国际传播,有利于在海内外汉语普通话语言社区构建和谐的语言生活。"以北京语音为标准音"的普通话语音标准已经成功地完成了其在百年国语运动中的历史使命,现在应该微调为"以北京语音为基础音"。这里"基础音"的意思不是要把地方普通话的语言特色塞进北京普通话,而是要让普通话的区域变体可以跟北京语音有所不同,但又不能差异太大,以免影响到语言交际的顺畅进行。

Mandarin Chinese as an official national language in China and a common language for all Chinese people from all over the world has been experiencing a progress of fast internationaliza-tion,this historical development is argued to be an asset to the whole mankind and will benefit the Chinese-speaking people in one way or another.Given this new socio-linguistic setting of the lan-guage,we,following the successful model of the internationalization of the most international lan-guage,English,should take up a more positive and flexible attitude toward varieties of the Mandarin Chinese currently spoken in various parts of the world,leaving a room for a certain level of diversity in defining the characteristics of the so-called‘standard Mandarin’.The Beijing dialect should not be the only‘standard’,rather it should be re-defined as the foundation for various Mandarin varieties. The ownership of Mandarin is supposed to be shared by the user of the language from various cultural backgrounds and from different geographical regions.