巨细胞病毒慢性感染与免疫衰老相关性研究进展

Studies on the correlation between chronic human cytomegalovirus infection and immunosenescence

免疫衰老是免疫系统功能随年龄增长而逐渐减退的过程,是老年人群肿瘤性疾病、感染性疾病以及老年退行性病变高发的重要原因之一,至今为止,免疫衰老的分子学调控机制尚不清楚.作为老年人群中最常见的隐性感染病毒,人类巨细胞病毒（HCMV）长期潜伏在免疫细胞内并发生有条件的复制和克隆化.关于HCMV慢性感染与免疫衰老的进展之间的关系的研究已经非常广泛,但是鉴于二者均在机体内部长期慢性潜行性进展,理清它们的分子调控机制非常困难,究竟是HCMV诱导了免疫衰老的开启,机体抵抗力的降低加速了HCMV的复制和感染,还是HCMV仅仅在宿主内长期生存,简单伴随宿主免疫功能的退行性变至今尚无定论.

Immunosenescence is an age-dependent innate and adaptive immune degeneration,leading to increased susceptibility to infectious diseases,neoplasm and degenerative diseases in the elderly.As the most prevalent asymptomatic chronic virus,human cytomegalovirus （HCMV） chronically infected immune cells with conditional replication and cloning.Extensive studies have been performed on the rrelationship between HCMV infection and immunosenescence.However,due to the chronicity and contextual interaction,it is difficult to disentangle the inter-regulatory mechanism between virus and immunosenescence.It was still unclear whether the virus infection has induced immunosenescence and vice versa.