恶性黑色素瘤的免疫治疗进展

The research progression of immunotherapy for malignant melanoma

恶性黑色素瘤目前仍缺少有效的治疗方法,尤其是转移性的晚期肿瘤,长期的生存获益是很罕见的.随着近几十年来的发展,化疗未再显示出明显的生存优势,随着对此种疾病的分子及免疫背景的研究,疫苗、过继性免疫治疗、靶向治疗等获得了迅速的发展,而近几年的靶向治疗研究对诊断为此病的患者产生极大的影响,其中包括了两种单克隆抗体,抗细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关抗原4（CTLA-4）及程序性死亡分子1（PD-1）抗体.

The effective treatment toward malignant melanoma is still lacking,particularly about metastatic melanoma.Therefore,long-term survival of patients is very rare.Chemotherapy has not shown a significant advantage in the past decades.However,along with the study of the molecular and immunologic background of the disease,vaccine,adoptive immunotherapy and targeted therapy have developed rapidly.The targeted therapy,including the application of immune modulators against cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen-4（CTLA-4） and programmed death-1 （PD-1）,has exerted an enormous effect on patients with malignant melanoma.