苏联对纳粹德国火箭技术的争夺（1944～1945）

The Soviet Union's Scramble for Nazi Germany's Rocket Technology( 1944-1945)

第二次世界大战末期,苏联先后夺取纳粹德国设置在波兰和本土的火箭基地,部分地分享到德国的火箭产品、仪器、设备设施、资料和技术专家等,掌握了一些关键核心技术,进而筹划仿制V-2火箭。这次技术转移提高了苏联的技术起点,缩短了苏联研发火箭武器的时间,为后来的技术创新打下了基础。经对俄文档案、回忆录及其他文献的研读,本文初步梳理苏联争夺德国弹道导弹技术的历程,以深入理解苏联火箭事业建立的技术基础和历史与境。

In the end of the World War II, the Soviet Union scrambled for the rocket bases es- tablished by Nazi Germany in Poland and in Germany successively. Parts of the German rocket prod- ucts, instruments, equipments, materials, as well as technological experts were acquired by the So- viet Union. Having mastered some of the key technologies, the Soviet Union planned to duplicate the V-2 Rocket. The technology transfer raised the technology in Soviet Union to a higher level, short- ened the time for its rocket weapons development, and laid the foundation for the future technological innovation. The process of scrambling for German rocket technology by the Soviet Union has been clarified in detail in this paper by looking through Russian files, memoirs and other documents. It provides a deep understanding and throws a new light on the Soviet technology foundation and its his- torical context of the rocket course establishment.