矽肺的X线诊断和鉴别诊断特点分析

The Analysis of X-ray Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis About Silicosis

目的:分析矽肺临床X线诊断以及鉴别诊断的主要特点。材料与方法:选取2006年4月-2013年5月收治的90例矽肺住院患者,均有粉尘接触史,均行胸部高千伏X线检查,分析矽肺的X线临床诊断表现以及各相关疾病的鉴别诊断特点。结果:90例患者肺部均出现圆形小阴影,其中11例出现大阴影,22例出现小阴影聚集,9例出现网状阴影,20例患者肺门影出现增大,27例患者出现肺气肿,另有1例患者的肺门淋巴结出现钙化。另外,相关鉴别的疾病主要有肺泡癌、肺部转移瘤、继发性肺结核、血行播散肺结核以及含铁血黄素的沉着症,各病症有各自的鉴别诊断特点。结论:矽肺以圆形小阴影为主,对肺部出现圆形小阴影的患者要想到矽肺的可能,应询问职业史并及早对疑似者行相关检查,一旦确诊,尽快进行病情控制,以改善患者的生命质量。

Purpose： To analyse the X-ray diagnosis and the main characteristic of the differential diagnosis about sil- icosis. Materials and Methods： 90 Cases of patients with silicosis were selected from May 2006 to aperl 2013, all the pa- tients had the dust exposure history, and all the patients were checked by X-ray, then analysed the situation of clinical diag- nosis of X-ray manifestations and the characteristics of the differential diagnosis of the related disease about silicosis. Results ： There had circular shadow of the 90 caes of patients, 11 cases with nodular shadows, 22 cases with small nodular shadows, 9 cases with reticular shadows, 20 cases with lung shadows appear larger, 27 cases with emphysema, and the lung door of 1 ca- ses of patients had calcified lymph node. In addition, the related disease mainly included alveolar carcinoma, lung abscess, lung metastases, secondary＇ pulmonary tuberculosis, the blood line of disseminated tuberculosis and hemosiderosis, all the dis- ease had specific characteristics in differential diagnosis. Conclusion ： The clinical should strengthen the prevention of silico- sis, and chect as early as possible by X-ray for the suspected person, and control the silicosis as soon as possible to improve the life quality of patients once diagnosed.