从政治象征到文学意象——清华简《程寤》“梦见商廷惟棘”的象征意义及其流变

From a Political Symbol to the Literature Image ——Studies of the Symbolic Meaning and Evolution of the Dream Called “Shang Ting Wei Ji” in Chengwu of Tsinghua Bamboo Slips

清华简《程寤》篇中"太姒梦见商廷惟棘"的内容,在传世文献中也有载录。这一情节具有政治象征意义,预示着周朝将取代商朝。《程寤》这种梦是现实预兆的观念在先秦时期比较广泛地存在着,《左传》就以梦占预言记叙了一系列政治史实。"廷惟棘"这种以植物象征政治易替的意象在先秦也不是孤例,《诗经·王风·黍离》与麦秀之歌就是以植物变异象征政治变动的典型案例。汉魏六朝的史著和文学作品中出现了很多类似"廷惟棘"的植物意象,以象征国家败亡、政权更替。这些意象都寄寓着深切的感伤哀思,已由政治意象发展成为文学意象。

The content about Taisi＇s dream called ＂Shang Ting Wei Ji＂in Chengwu of Tsinghua Bam- boo Slips is also recorded by handed--down documents. This plot contains the political symbolism, indica- ting that Zhou Dynasty will replace Shang Dynasty. The concept that a dream is the harbinger of reality widely exists in pre--Qin, and Zuozhuan is the typical example. The plants images which imply political changes in pre-Qin ,such as＂Ting Wei Ji＇,also exist in Wangfeng ~ Shuli in the Book of Songs ,the song of Maixiu, ect. There are many plants images such as ＂Ting Wei Ji＂which symbolize country＇s destruction and regime change in the historical and literary works of Han-Wei and Six Dynasties. The kind of plants images has became the literature images from the political symbols, expressing deep sadness and grief.