全国性体育社团从“同构”到“脱钩”改革的路径选择

The Reform Path Selection from “Isomorphism” to “Decoupling” of National Sports Community

回顾我国运动项目管理体制和全国性单项运动协会的改革历程,大体上经历了探索试点、全面推进和停滞不前3个不同的发展阶段。随着国家对社会组织管理越来越规范,特别是项目管理中心与单项运动协会"一个机构、两块牌子"的"同构"体制,在管理上出现了一些突出问题:1)对全国性体育社团直接干预过多、微观管理过细;2)项目中心与单项协会的职责边界不清晰、关系定位不明确;3)协会内部管理不规范;4)协会无独立账号问题长期困扰体育社会组织管理。基于以上原因,根据中央提出的建立"政社分开、权责明确、依法自治的现代社会组织体制"的改革目标,结合全国性体育社团的实际情况,全国性体育社团从"同构"到"脱钩"的改革已经提上日程。建议体育总局采取"总体设计、分类指导、梯次推进、配套改革"的原则,积极、稳妥地逐步深化全国性体育社团的改革。进一步完善体育社团的内部治理结构。

Reviewing the reformation history of Chinese sports management system and national single event sports association, there are three development phases including exploration and attempt, comprehensively promotion and stagnate phase. Social organizations have been managed by government more and more specifically. This especially re- flected in the ＂isomorphic＂ system, which is called ＂one institution, two brands＂ that contributes to sports events management center and single sports event association. This phenomenon leads to some outstanding problems on man- agement. At first, national sports communities receive too much direct intervention and micro-management. Second, the responsibility boundary and relationship orientation of sports events management center and single sports event association are not clear. Third, the internal management of associations is not standard. Fourth, the problem that association＇s lack of independent account has troubled sports social organization management for a long time. Based on above reasons and the reformation goal of ＂establishing a modern social organization system of community inde- pendent of government, clear rights and responsibilities and govern oneself according to law＂ proposed by CPC Cen- tral Committee, and combined with the case of national sports communities, the reformation from ＂isomorphism＂ to ＂decoupling＂ of national sports communities has been on the agenda~ This paper suggests that the General Adminis- tration of Sport of China should adopt the principle of ＂overall design, classification guidance, develop gradually and coordinated reform＂, in order to gradually deepen the reformation of national sports communities in a positive and safe way. Beside, the General Administration of Sport should also further optimize internal governance structure of sports communities and improve public service ability and management level.