巩立娇背向滑步推铅球关键运动技术参数分析

Analysis on Key Sport Technique Parameters of Backward Glide of Shot Put of Gong Li-jiao

为了探索巩立娇在比赛中的运动技术变化特征,采用文献资料法、专家访谈、三维录像分析及比较分析等方法对巩立娇背向滑步推铅球技术进行运动学特征分析。研究结果如下:最大缓冲至右脚着地阶段,身体质心最大速度均值提高的最大幅度为159%,左脚着地时相,身体质心最大速度均值达到了(2.557±0.046)m/s;左脚着地至出手瞬间,铅球最大速度均值与平均速度的均值提高幅度为别304.4%、76.4%,巩立娇双支撑距离与滑步距离比例系数为1.94。结论:1)身体质心制动减速的时机是影响运动成绩的重要因素,竞技水平较高时,巩立娇质心最大速度减速时机出现的晚,但是制动效果明显。2)同一水平上铅球与质心速度均值节奏变化明显,表现出较好的连续加速能力。3)不同水平上铅球出手高度、做功距离差异显著。过渡时间短、做功蹬伸时间长、出手速度快是制胜的关键因素。

In order to explore the technology characteristics of GONG Li-jiao in the female shot put competitions, the article used the literature material investigation, expert interview, 3D video analysis and comparative analysis and other methods to analyze Gong Li-jiao＇s kinematics characteristics of the technique of backward glide of shot put. Results of the study were as follows： From the maximum buffer phase to the right foot touching down phase, the body center of mass average maximum speed reached a maximum amplitude of 159%, and in left foot touching down phase, the maximum speed reached a maximum of 2. 557 -＋ 0. 046m/s; From the left foot touching down phase to release phase, the maximum average velocity and the average speed of shot put increased of 304.4% and 76.4% respectively. The proportional coefficient between double support step and gliding distance was 1.94. The main conclusions were as follows：l ）The braking and deceleration opportunity of center of mass was a important factor which would influence the performance of Shot Put. In the high competitive level, the opportunity of decel- eration of center of mass appeared late, but the effect of braking was obvious. 2） At the same level, for both shot put and center of mass, the rhythm of the average value of velocity changed obviously, which showed a good con- tinuous acceleration ability. 3）At the different competitive level , there were significant differences between re- lease height and applying work distance. Short transient time, long power stretch time and fast release speed were the key factors to success.