氮、磷、钾配施对朝鲜白头翁产量、品质及养分吸收分配的影响

Effects of Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizers on the Yield,Quality and Nutrient Uptake of Pulsatilla cernua

目的:研究氮、磷、钾及其配比对朝鲜白头翁生长、产量、总皂苷含量以及养分吸收的影响,以期为朝鲜白头翁规范化栽培技术的建立提供理论依据。方法:采用三因素二次饱和D-最优设计进行田间试验,定期取样,测定植株氮、磷、钾的含量、农艺性状、产量及其总皂苷含量。结果:朝鲜白头翁植株对氮的吸收最多,钾次之,磷最少,不同生育时期养分含量不同,同一生育时期不同器官养分含量也不相同,其地上部分养分含量总体高于地下部分,出苗到7月中旬植株对氮、磷、钾的吸收比例高于生长后期;施肥能显著提高朝鲜白头翁药材产量,氮、磷、钾元素对朝鲜白头翁药材产量影响依次为氮>钾>磷,氮、磷、钾元素对朝鲜白头翁总皂苷含量影响依次为氮>钾>磷。结论:朝鲜白头翁在大田栽培中应合理配比施肥,生长前期及时追施氮、磷、钾肥,并适当提高钾的比例。依据朝鲜白头翁总皂苷产量提出朝鲜白头翁优化施肥方案为氮(N)180 kg/hm2、磷(P2O5)79.74 kg/hm2、钾(K2O)225kg/hm2,氮、磷、钾的最佳配比为2.3∶1.0∶2.8。

Objective ： To study the effects of nitrogen （ N）, phosphorus （ P2 05 ） and potassium （ K2 O） fertilizers on the growth, yield, total saponins content and nutrient absorption of Pulsatilla cernua and provide a theoretical basis for good agriculture practice. Methods ： Field plot experiments was conducted, based on the D-saturation optimal design with three factors of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Samples collected periodically were used for determination the contents of nutrient and total saponins, and for measurement of yield and agronomic characters. Results：Nutrient contents in Pulsatilla cernua varied with growth stage and part under the same growth stage. Nutrient contents in aerial part were higher than that in root, while the proportion of nutritional absorption from seedling stage to the middle growth stage was larger than that at the late growth stage. Yield and total saponins content of Pulsatilla cernua were signifi- cantly influenced by the N, P2Os and K20 applications, among three factors, N had the greatest effects, the next was K20 and Ps 02. Conclusion：Pulsatilla cernua under field cultivation should be fertilized properly, top-dressing with these fertilizers during the early growth stage and increasing the proportion of potassium. According to total saponin production of PulsatiUa cernua, the optimum fertili- zation model for high yield and good quality is 180 kg/hm^2 of N,79. 74 kg/hm^2 of P205 ,and 225 kg/hm^2 of K20,with a N ： P205 ： K20 ratio of approximately 2. 3 ： 1 ： 2. 8.