121例医务人员锐器伤监测分析

Analysis of 121 Medical Staff of Sharp Instrument Injuries

目的调查医护人员医疗锐器损伤的相关因素,探讨有效的职业防护管理措施。方法采用前瞻性研究方法,监测医务人员医疗锐器损伤发生情况。结果 2012年1—12月医务人员发生职业暴露共130人其中发生医疗锐器损伤121名、占93.08%,皮肤黏膜接触8人、占6.15%,离体残肢端刺伤1人、占0.77%;内外科病房和门诊输液厅是锐器伤主要发生场所;各种诊疗穿刺和注射、采血操作是常见的锐器伤环节;暴露源为乙型肝炎者占首位为33.06%;一级暴露7人、占5.79%,二级暴露114人、占94.21%。所有医疗锐器损伤的医务人员经追踪观察,无一人发生血源传播性疾病。结论医疗锐器伤是医疗操作中常见的职业暴露,遵守操作规程,重视自身的防护是降低职业性感染的有效方法。

Objective To explore and investigate the relative risks of sharp instrument injuries among medi -cal staff , and discuss the countermeasures .Methods Information and occurrence situation of sharp instrument inju -ries among medical staff were collected by prospective surveillance .Results From Jan 2012 to Dec 2012, the num-ber of medical staff with the occurrence occupational exposure was 130, while 121 of them were hurt by sharp instru-mental （93.08%）, 8 were contacted on their skin and mucosa （6.15%）, 1 was punctured on the end of in vitro stump （0.77%） .Medical-surgical unit and transfusion hall of out -patient were major occurrence place of sharp instrument injuries;puncture , injection and blood collection were common steps .The exposure source of hepatitis B ranked the first （33.06%）;the number of first -level exposure was 7 （5.79%）, the second-level exposure was 114 （94.21%） .The tracking survey on those medical staff who were hurt by sharp instrument showed that no one got hematogenous spread disease .Conclusion Sharp instrument injury is a common exposure in medical practice .Com-plying with the standardized operation , paying attention to the self -protection are efficient ways to decrease occur-rence rate of occupational infection .