马克思主义“文学典型”学说的当代价值与生命力

The Contemporary Value and Vitality of Marx’s “Literary Typical” Theory

"文学典型"学说是建立在文学语言与社会现实的镜像功能的基础上,认为文学通过语言这种媒介可以忠实客观地反映社会生活。马克思主义的"典型环境中的典型人物"学说更是社会历史批评视域中的命题,是在历史唯物主义的框架内对文学社会属性和价值功能的一种界定和把握。20世纪以来的西方文学理论以文本代替作品,把文学当做语言系统内部的自我指涉,割断文本与外在客观世界的关系,使得文学典型学说受到冲击和挑战。论文认为,马克思主义的典型学说,不是一个单纯的文学理论问题,而是一个与关于历史发展、人的解放、人的自由发展等论说密切相关的历史唯物主义框架内的重大问题。在这个意义上讲,马恩的典型学说在当代仍具有现实意义。

＂Typical literature＂ theory is based on the literary language and the social reality of the mirror function, that lit erature can faithfully reflect social life through the medium of language. Marx＇s ＂the typical character in the typical envi ronment＂ is the theory of social and historical criticism from the perspective of the proposition, in the framework of his torical materialism in literature and social attribute and value function of a definition and understanding. Since 20th Centu ry, the western literary theory instead of works with text, taking literature as language within the system of self refer ence, separate text and the external ohiective world, causes the literary typical theory under the impact and challenges. The typical theory, the Marx doctrine, is not a simple issue of literary theory, major problem of free development theory but a with regard to historical development, human liberation, human is closely related to the historical materialism in the framework of. In this sense, the typical theory of Marx＇s still has a realistic significance in contemporary.