宠物之人格物化及其所涉精神损害赔偿问题研究

Personification of Pets and the concerning Compensation for Spiritual Damages

在侵权法发展史上,精神损害赔偿原本不具有救济财产损害的功能。但随着社会经济的不断发展,人类文明的不断进步,人们在更加注重财产为人类带来物质利益的同时,也会不断地将情感、尊严、人格等基本的人格利益融于物或财产中,由此更加注重精神感受和精神利益。《最高人民法院关于确定民事侵权精神损害赔偿责任若干问题的解释》规定了具有人格象征意义的特定纪念物品因侵权行为而永久性灭失或毁损,其所有人可以请求精神损害赔偿。此条规定虽然是一种巨大进步,但笔者认为该规定所涉财产权客体仍显狭隘。当今社会,宠物(特别是狗类与猫类)与人类的感情愈加紧密,并很多情况下成为家庭一员。其虽不是"特定纪念品",但其所承载的人类感情、精神寄托等人格利益却不容忽视。故本文意在讨论宠物因侵权行为致死所引起的其主人精神损害赔偿问题。

In the history of the tort law, compensation for spiritual damages originally could not relieve pe- cuniary loss. Along with the development of social economy and human civilization, however, we constantly en- dow our belongings with our feelings, dignity, and personality while we pay more attention to the benefits brought by our property, and more importance has been attached to our feelings and spiritual benefits. The Su- preme Court＇ s interpretations on the issues concerning compensation for spiritual damages in civil trot cases stipulated that once the souvenir with symbolic significance is permanently lost or destroyed due to infringement act, the owner can apply for spiritual damage compensation. This regulation, being a great progress though, is still limited in its range of the object of property rights. In modern society, pets （ dogs and cats especially） are human beings＇ intimate friends, sometimes they are even regarded as ＂souvenirs＂, but the feelings and spiritual sustenance conveyed by family members. Although they these animals shall never be i are not gnored Therefore, this paper centers on the compensation for spiritual damages caused by the death of pets in civil trot cases.