哈耶克与凯恩斯的论战:来龙去脉与理论遗产(下)——读韦普肖特的《凯恩斯大战哈耶克》及其补正

The Great Debate between Hayek and Keynes:The True Story and Theoretical Legacies——Reading Keynes Hayek:The Clash that Defined Modern Economics and Some Correction

凯恩斯与哈耶克是影响了20世纪全人类经济社会发展进程、现代经济学理论和各国经济政策的两大经济学家。20世纪30年代,哈耶克与凯恩斯之间曾发生过一场影响深远的理论论战。这场理论论战,不仅推进了人类对具有越来越复杂的金融和货币市场体系的现代市场经济运行的认识,也实际上催生了经济学理论中的"凯恩斯革命",从而产生了现代宏观经济学。多年来,在世界上曾出现了研究凯恩斯和哈耶克各人思想和生平的大量专著和文章,但到目前为止,对这两大经济学家之间理论争论的问题和实质的研究还比较欠缺。结合对英国传记作家韦普肖特的《凯恩斯大战哈耶克》一书的评论,可以从史实和理论上较全面理解哈耶克与凯恩斯理论论战的来龙去脉和理论争论的核心问题。哈耶克与凯恩斯论战在当代世界各国经济发展以及在21世纪经济学发展中,具有现实意义和理论意义。

Keynes and Hayek are two great economists who have the enduring influence on development of modern economics and governments＇ policies in the 20th century. In the 1930s there was a great theoretical debate between the two great economists which has some wide impact on the development of modern economics. The debate not only has improved human understanding of the functioning of the modern market economies with some complicated monetary and financial systems, but also partly induces the Keynesian Revolution in the modern economics and leads to the birth of Macroeconomics. Since the 1950s, many bibliographical studies of both Keynes and Hayek have published and some of them have mentioned the debate. In spite of the fact that some scholars have done some special studies on the debate in recent years, there are still some deficiencies in studying the problems and nature of the debate between the two economists. Starting from some reviews on Nicholas Wapshott＇s new book of Keynes Hayek： The Clash that Defined Modern Economics, this paper makes some historically and theoretically investigations on the kernel and nature of the debate. The last part of the paper offers some comments on the significance of the debate in the theoretical development of economics in the 21^st Century.