生产性服务业空间分异的动因与表现——一个理论分析框架

The Driver and Performance of Spatial Differentiation of Productive Service Industry——A Theoretical Analytical Framework

201 0年欧洲、美国及高收入国家的服务业比重分别达到72%、79%、75%,服务业不仅在份额上超越制造业,其中以知识和人力资本投入为特征的生产性服务业更成为推动经济增长和城市化进程的主要力量之一。产业发展的空间差异是地区间经济差异的载体,对生产性服务业空间差异发展的系统认识,将在丰富区域经济发展理论的同时,为产业转移与产业转型升级、缩小地区间发展差距、加快区域一体化进程等相关研究提供新的研究视角和方法。目前,国内外针对生产性服务业空间差异化的研究主要从集聚与扩散现象、空间结构特征等角度进行的研究割裂了现象之间的联系。我们认为,生产性服务业在学习、共享、匹配等引起规模收益递增的集聚机制与空间有限性、知识外溢等扩散因素的共同作用下形成分异。据此,我们依托新经济地理学理论基于知识空间溢出的视角构建一个分析框架。其中,知识溢出是生产性服务业空间分异的根本动力,集聚和扩散是产业空间分异的主要力量,生产性服务业在区域上形成的动态空间结构、城市群空间组织演化和区域制造业布局对产业空间分异的影响是主要研究方向。

The proportion of service sector of Europe, the United States and high-income countries reached 72%, 79% and 75% in 2010, which were far more than the manufacturing sector. Within service sector, the productive service industry, with the feature of higher information and human capital input, is the most important forces in prompting economic growth and urbanization. The spatial difference of the industry is the carrier of the inter- regional economic difference. Understanding the development of the spatial difference of productive service industry systemically will enrich the theory of regional economic development. Meanwhile, it will propose a new prospective and method for the study of industry relocation, industrial transformation and updating, narrowing the development gap between regions, speeding up the regional integration process, and other related studies. At present, the domestic and foreign separate study of the spatial differentiation of productive service industry is from the point of either agglomeration-diffusion phenomenon or the spatial structure. We believe that the spatial differentiation of productive service industry is under the joint effort of the agglomeration power of learning, sharing and matching and the diffusion power of limited space and knowledge spillover. Accordingly, relying on the New Economic Geography theory, we build an analytical framework based on the knowledge spillover perspective. Knowledge spillover is the fundamental driving force of the spatial differentiation of productive service industry. The agglomeration-diffusion is the main power of industry spatial differentiation. The main research fields are the dynamic spatial structure of productive service industry, the evolution of urban agglomeration spatial organization, and the influence of the region manufacturing industry distribution on the industrial spatial differentiation.