从混沌到自洽:中国集体合同效力的图景解说

From Chaos to Self-Consistent:Interpretation of the Legal Effects of Chinese Collective Contract

中国集体合同制度对劳资关系治理作用甚微。制度功能难以实现与集体合同法律效力的不科学存在一定关联性。私法合同效力的内容与生效要件产生了私法自治的效果,但主体为"团体"的集体合同还适用了特殊规则。考察他国立法例,重要的启示是,集体合同法律效力规则的设定并无统一模式,集体合同法律效力的规则应符合劳动关系治理策略的定位,并且在理论与制度设计上自洽,才能保障制度功能的效果。中国立法对集体合同在劳资关系治理政策中定位不清,导致集体合同效力的形式规则无系统性,甚至前后矛盾。今后可能的良性发展方向,是明确中国集体合同渐进式工业民主的可控模式,在此基础上导入市场化体制治理劳动关系的基本理念,对集体合同效力的形式规则进行调整。

Chinese collective contract system has little effect on labor relations. There is a certain relevance between weak system function and unscientific legal effects of collective contract. Content and the effective elements of private law has the effect of private autonomy, but the collective contract should apply to special rules because of special subject. The important inspiration from other countries＇ legislation is that there is no uniform model for effectiveness of collective contract. The legal effect of the collective contract shall secure the system function only in compliance with national labor relations governance strategy and be self-consistent in theory and institutions. The Chinese legislator and government didn＇t give a clear definition to collective contract, which led to the legal effect of collective contract inconsistent, even contradictory. The better development direction should firstly define the progressive industrial democracy controllable mode in labor relation governance, and then introduce market-oriented policy to govern labor relations. Only on this basis the legislator could improve the legal effect of collective contract, which will help to improve the function of collective contract system.