1986～2012年抚顺市土地利用动态变化及热点分析

The Dynamic Changes and Hot Spots of Land Use in Fushun City from 1986 to 2012

以抚顺市为研究区域，利用GIS和RS技术，对抚顺市1986～2000年、2000～2012年2个时期的土地利用动态变化及驱动力进行研究。结果表明：1986～2012年抚顺市主要的土地利用方式是林地、农田、水域和居民用地，其中林地面积逐渐减少，农田和居民用地面积逐渐增加，水域面积呈先减少后增加的趋势，单一土地利用动态度最大的是是居民用地，其次为水域和草地，而林地最小；抚顺市1986～2000年综合土地利用动态度较大且空间差异小，而2000～2012年综合土地利用动态度较小但空间差异大，表明抚顺市1986～2000年全区均在开发且开发强度大，而2000-2012年仅在局部地区进行大规模的开发活动；1986-2000年十地利用动态变化的热点地区主要有3个且分布范围较大，而2000～2012年土地利用动态变化的热点地区仅有1个且分布范围较小，4个“热点地区”均位于抚顺市内的居民地集中分布区。自然因素是士地利用变化的基础条件，相对自然因素，人类活动对十地利用的时空变化具有决定性的影响，是导致抚顺市土地利用快速集中变化的主因。

This article uses GIS and RS technologies to study the dynamic changes and driving forces in land use of Fushun City in the two periods of 1986-2000 and 2000-2012. Its main findings are as follows： from 1986 to 2012 the main types of land use in Fushun City are woodland, farmland, water area and residential land, among which woodland gradually reduced, farmland and residential land gradually increased, and water area reduced first and then increased.The dynamic degree of the single land use in residential land is the high- est, followed by water area and grassland, the last is woodland. It also finds out that the dynamic degree of the integrated land use from 1986 to 2000 in Fushun City is higher and spatial difference is little; while the dynam- ic degree of the integrated land use from 2000 to 2012 in Fushun City is lesser and spatial difference is obvi- ous. This indicates that from 1986 to 2000 the whole city was being developed and its development degree was very high. But from 2000 to 2012 development activities of large-scale was only carried out in some local ar- eas. There are three hot spots of dynamic changes in land use from 1986 to 2000 and they distribute in a larger range. While there is only one hot spot of dynamic changes in land use from 2000 to 2012 and it distributes in a smaller range. All of these four hot spots are located in the concentration area of Fushun residents. Natural factors are the essential conditions in change of land use. Contrary to natural factors, human activities have the decisive impact on the space and time change of land use. Human activities are also the main reasons for the rapid concentration change of land use in Fushun City. This article aims to put forward the best model for hu- mans to use the land resources reasonably and provide a scientific basis for regional sustainable development.